2021年英语一阅读理解Text1

第一段

①How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?②It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises,imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.③This year's rise, an average of 2.7 per cent，may be a fraction lower than last year's,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI) measure of inflation.

单词&词组

1. operator n.经营者，专业公司

2. justify v.证明……有理

3. fare n.车费

4. grimly ad.冷酷地；无情地

5. annual a.每年的；一年一次的

6. ritual n.惯例；例行公事

7. impose v.把…强加于

8. or otherwise 或相反，或其反面

9. inflation n.通货膨胀

本段翻译

火车运营商怎样才可能证明这又一次的铁路客运提价正当合理?这已变成雷打不动的年度惯例：每到一月，乘火车出行的费用就会上涨，给那些别无选择、只能利用铁路网上下班的人们带来大量的额外负担。今年(火车票价)的平均涨幅为2.7%，虽然可能略微低于去年，却仍远高于官方的消费者物价指数(CPI) 所反映的通胀水平。

第二段

①Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.②why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey?③Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

单词&词组

1. successive a.连续的；相继的

2. argument n.论据；理由

3. pensioner n.领养老金者

4. subsidise v.资助；补助

5. stockbroker n.股票经纪人

6. travail n.艰难的处境

7. endure v.忍耐；忍受

8. infrastructure n.基础设施建设

本段翻译

历届政府都准许了类似的提价，理由是铁路网的投资与运营成本理应由其使用者而非全体纳税人承担。这种论点认为，林肯郡一位开车出行的领养老金者凭什么要补贴萨里郡一位股票经纪人的日常通勤?此外，历届政府还认为，与中、北部地区不得不忍受相对落后的基础设施的通勤者相比，东南部地区通勤者的出行困境(其中许多人将面临最大的票价涨幅)受到了过多关注。

第三段

①However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years.②It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.③The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.④However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

单词&词组

1. strike n.罢工

2. all very well 某人尽可做某事

3. expect v.要求；期望；指望

4. sum n.金额；款项

5. rest on依赖；依靠

6. case n.论据；理由

7. industrial action（罢工等）劳工行动

8. compensation n.补偿；赔偿）

9. disruption n.扰乱；干扰

本段翻译

然而，在过去的12个月里，东南部的通勤者还是经历了多年以来最严重的铁路罢工。火车运营商当然尽可以吹嘘自己如何改善了铁路网，但乘客既然支付了高昂的乘车费用，就理应可以要求基本水平的服务。虽然最近这波罢工潮的责任在于工会，但受劳工行动(这里指“铁路罢工”)影响最严重的人们完全有理由就其遭受的混乱获得赔偿。

第四段

①The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate.②This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways.③Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.④The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

单词&词组

1. pledge v.保证给予；正式承诺

2. introduce v.推行；实施；采用

3. address v.设法解决；处理

4. cramped a.狭窄的；狭小的

5. punctuate v.不时打断

6. incompetently ad.无能力地；不能胜任地

7. nationalisation n.国有化经典搭配

8. see off赶走，驱逐

9. with a vengeance猛烈地；程度更深地

10. in short order立即；毫不耽搁地

本段翻译

政府已经承诺修改法律，推行最低服务要求，以保证即使发生罢工，铁路服务也仍可继续运行。除此之外，还应实施更广泛的一揽子措施，以解决英国铁路长期存在的痼疾。确实，这需要更多投资，但如果还必须忍受拥挤、不准点，且常因时刻表变动、养护计划执行不力等混乱情形而中断的铁路服务，乘客将不会一直心甘情愿接受提价。国有化威胁可能目前已暂时解除，但若不立即处理乘客正当的愤怒情绪，它将会更加猛烈地卷土重来。

五道题

21.The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengersfares________      .

A.will ease train operation’s burden

B.has kept pace with inflation

C.is a big surprise to commuters

D. remains an unreasonable measure

22.The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for_______      

A.car drivers

B. rail travelers

C.local investors

D.ordinary tax payers

23.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators________      .

A.are offering compensations to commuters

B.are trying to repair relations with the unions

C. have failed to provide an adequateservice

D.have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes

24.If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face______     .

A.the loss of investment

B.  the collapse of operations

C.a reduction of revenue.

D. a change of ownership

25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?

B.Constant Complaining Doesn't Work

C.Can Nationalization Bring Hope?

D. Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable

参考答案

CBCDD

答案解析

21、首段首句提出事件“今年火车票价又一次上涨”并反问火车运营商如何才能对此作出合理解释，暗传作者态度“此举不合理”；②③句介绍运营商涨价的两大特点“涨价频繁”“涨幅过大”，进一步明确作者态度：今年火车客运票价上涨不合理，C正确。

22、第二段①句介绍政府允许提价的原因：铁路网的投资运营成本理应由其使用者(those who use it) 而非全体纳税人承担。②句列举两个典型的人物具体说明①句所述原因：一位驾车出行、靠退休金度日的人凭什么要补贴一位股票经纪人的日常通勤(the daily commute) ?即谁乘车，谁买单，不乘车者没有义务为火车乘客买单。股票经纪人是“火车乘客/铁路网使用者”的典型代表，B正确。 

23、第三段①句指出事实：过去一年，通勤者遭遇了严重的铁路罢工活动。②句中，作者提出，乘客既然支付了高昂的乘车费用，就理应能够要求基本水平的服务。联系两句可知，罢工导致铁路停摆，火车运营商未能提供基本的服务，C正确。

24、末段末句指出，虽然国有化威胁可能目前暂时得以解除，但是火车运营商若不立即处理乘客的愤怒情绪，这一威胁将会更猛烈地卷土重来。可见D正确。

25、首段引人事件“火车运营商再次调涨客运票价”并指出这给乘客增添沉重负担，并不合理。第二、三段分析事件，先让步指出，本着“谁使用、谁付费”的逻辑，“乘客分担上涨的铁路成本”有其道理，再转而指出虽然乘客付出的费用不断攀升，其获得的服务水平却停滞不前，甚至根本未达到基本合格标准，持续涨价并不合理。末段向政府提议，向运营商发出警告：若仍旧“只涨票价，不提高服务水平”，乘客将不再买账，铁路线路将面临国有化威胁。可见，全文围绕火车运营商“连年调涨火车票价”展开，意在表明这一不合理之举已引起众怒，绝非长久之计，D正确。