2021年英语一阅读理解Text4

第一段

①From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affliated websites over their rivals.②That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the Internet.

单词&词组

1. broadband n.宽带连接

2. advocate n.支持者；倡导者

3. incentive n.刺激；动机

4. lifeblood n.（事物的）命脉；生命线

本段翻译

自打宽带问世初期，消费者及互联网公司的权益倡导者们就在担心，销售宽带连接的有线电视和电话公司不仅有能力而且有动机去偏袒自己的关联网站、歧视竞争对手的网站。正是基于这一原因，人们一直以来都在强烈要求出台相关规则，避免由宽带运营商来决定网上谁是赢家谁是输家，从而维护自由与创新——互联网的命脉所在。

第二段

①Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers,anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts.②A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight.③At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017.④The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015,but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything.⑤The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

单词&词组

1. pushback n.反对；抵制

2. conservative n.保守派

3. weigh in加入（争论）

4. resolution n.决议；正式决定

5. at issue是讨论的焦点

6. take n.看法；意见

7. party-line a.政党路线的

8. eliminate v.排除；清除

本段翻译

然而这一需求一直都几乎不可能被满足——部分原因就在于宽带运营商、反监管的保守派以及各级法院的反对。周二，联邦上诉法院再次介入，但它并未提供急需的决议，而只是延长了这场争论。摆在美国哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院面前的争议焦点是联邦通信委员会(FCC) 就网络中立性(net neutrality) 于2017年经由一次政党路线投票通过的最新意见。共和党人起草的这一规定不仅废除了FCC于2015年(彼时大多数成员是民主党人)通过的严苛的网络中立性规则，而且否决了委员会对宽带运营商提出任何行为要求的权力。(2017年的)规定同时声明，州政府及地方政府同样不得监管宽带运营商。

第三段

①The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior,such as abroadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV.②Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.

单词&词组

1. agency n.（政府的）专门机构

2. conglomerate n.联合大企业

3. at the expense of 在牺牲……的情况下

4. impose v.迫使；把……强加于

5. cap n.最高限额

本段翻译

FCC提出， 自有其他部门对抗反竞争行为，比如，像AT&T这样的宽带服务集团偏袒自家流媒体服务而损害Netflix和Apple TV的利益。然而， FCC也叫停了对某些宽带运营商的多项调查，这些运营商给对手的流媒体服务设置了数据限额，却没对自己的服务这么做。

第四段

①On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move.②But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the resultis unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.”

单词&词组

1. unanimously ad.全体一致地

2. deregulate v.解除对……的管制/限制

3. cite v.引用，援引

4. move n.行为

5. concurring a.意见一致的

6. intervene v.干涉；介入

7. trap v.使……陷入困境

8. anachronism n.过时的人

本段翻译

周二，哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院援引最高法院2005年一项裁决(该裁决认可了类似的去监管化举措)，一致维持了2017年解除对宽带运营商监管的规定。但帕特里夏·米利特法官在协同意见书中公正地指出“这一结果与现代宽带服务的现实脱节”，并表示国会或最高法院可进行干预，以“避免网络监管在技术发展面前沦为过时”。

第五段

①In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order.②That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.

单词&词组

1. throw out 否决

2. block v.妨碍；阻碍

3. preserve v.保留；维护

4. preempt v.先占，先取

5. undermine v.逐渐削弱

6. battle n.较量；争论

7. enact v.颁布

8. in the wake of随着……而来

本段翻译

与此同时， 法院驳回了FCC试图终止所有州的网络中立法规的请求， 但维护了FCC如下权力：凭借“联邦法优先”原则，否决动摇其现有规则的个别州法。这意味着会有更多类似当前“司法部和加州之争”的较量，后者在FCC放弃监管后颁布了一项严厉的网络中立法。

第六段

①The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act.②It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

单词&词组

1. back-and-forth反复；来回

2. cry out for迫切需要

3. explicit a.直截了当的

4. bar v.禁止

5. once and for all彻底地；一劳永逸地

6. meddle v.干涉；管闲事

7. traffic n.流量

本段翻译

法律之争没完没了， FCC反复无常， 这一切亟须国会采取行动。国会需要一劳永逸，直截了当授权FCC禁止宽带运营商干预网络流量，并制定明确法规来保护网络的开放性和创新性。

五道题

36.There has long been concern that broadband provides would________       

A.bring web-based firms under control.

B.slow down the traffic on their network.

C. show partiality in treating clients.

D.intensify competition with their rivals.

37.Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the FCC________       

A.Sticks to an out-of-date order.

B. Takes an anti-regulatory stance.

C.Has issued a special resolution.

D.Has allowed the states to intervene.

38.What can be learned about AT &T from Paragraph 3?

A.It protects against unfair competition.

B. It engages in anti-competitivepractices.

C.It is under the FCC’s investigation.

D.It is in pursuit of quality service.

39.Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision________      

A.focuses on trivialities.

B.conveys an ambiguous message

C.is at odds with its earlier rulings

D. is out of touch with reality.

40.What does the author argue in the last paragraph?

A. Congress needs to take action toensure net neutrality.

B.The FCC should be put under strict supervision.

C.Rules need to be set to diversify online services.

D.Broadband providers’ rights should be protected.

参考答案

CBBDA

答案解析

36、第一段①句指出，自打宽带问世初期，消费者权益倡导者就担心宽带运营商会有如下做法：偏袒自己的关联网站而歧视竞争对手的网站，即区别对待客户。②句进一步说明其影响：宽带运营商可以决定网上的赢家和输家。C是对权益倡导者担忧的正确概括。

37、第二段③句指出， FCC于2017年通过了网络中立性方面的最新决议；④⑤句进一步指出，这份决议废除了原先严苛的网络中立性原则，且规定州政府和地方政府均不得监管宽带运营商。由此可知， FCC如今对网络中立性采取了反监管立场， B正确。

38、第三段①句指出， 某些宽带运营商会进行反竞争行为， 比如AT&T以牺牲Netflix和Apple TV的利益为代价， 偏袒自家流媒体服务。由此可知， AT&T进行了反竞争行为， B正确。

39、第四段②句指出，帕特丽夏·米利特法官认为判决结果与现实脱节，国会或最高法院可进行干预，以避免网络监管滞后于技术进步，D正确。

40、本题旨在考查末段的段落主旨， 首句总结事件“法律之争没完没了， FCC反复无常”并概述建议“FCC内外部问题不断， 亟需国会介人”。②句细述两条建议：国会需赋权FCC以确保网络监管/中立得以实施，并制定相关法规以确保网络的开放性和创新性。A符合上述建议，故正确。