2013年英语一阅读理解Text4

第一段

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

单词&词组

1. constitution [ˌkɑːnstɪˈtuːʃn] （出现4次）n.宪法；[僻义] n.身体素质

2. defeat [dɪˈfiːt] （出现2次）n.失败

3. knock out（破坏，使...失效）

4. upset the balance of power between（打破两者之间力量的平衡）
   

本段翻译

最高法院周一以5:3的投票结果裁定亚利桑那州移民法多项条款无效——对奥巴马政府来说是场小政策胜利。不过，在宪法这一更重要的问题上，最高法院以8:0的一致表决使企图打破联邦政府与各州之间权力平衡的奥巴马政府完败。

第二段

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the fourcontested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

单词&词组

1. overturn [ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrn]（出现4次）v.推翻，撤销

2. contest [kənˈtest]（出现2次）n.竞赛，竞争；[僻义] v.提出异议，质疑

3. provision [prəˈvɪʒn]（出现3次）n.提供；[僻义]n.规定，条款

4. controversial [ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl] （出现5次）adj.引起争议的

5. precede [prɪˈsiːd]（出现2次）v.先于...

6. fashion [ˈfæʃn]（出现25次）n.流行，时尚；[僻义] n.样子，方式；v.使成形，做成

7. run parallel to（与...平行）

8. overstep [ˌoʊvərˈstep] 越权， 僭越

9. deprive [dɪˈpraɪv]（出现7次）v.剥夺，使丧失

10. contradict [ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt]（出现1次）v.反驳，使相矛盾
    

本段翻译

在这场亚利桑那州政府与联邦政府的对决中，多数法官推翻了颇具争议的亚利桑那州移民方案（命令州级和地方警察执行联邦移民法）中四项受质疑条款里的三条。只有华盛顿才有权“指定痛的归划条款”以及联邦法律优先于州级法律，这两条先发原则是毋庸置疑的。亚利桑那州已企图制定与现行联邦法律并行的州政策。

第三段

Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately“occupied the field”, and Arizona has thus intruded on the federal’sprivileged powers.

单词&词组

1. deliberately [dɪˈlɪbərətli]（出现3次）adv.故意地；[僻义] adj.谨慎地，慎重地

2. intrude [ɪnˈtruːd]（出现2次）v.闯入，侵扰

3. privileged [ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd] adj.享有特权地
   

本段翻译

大法官安东尼肯尼迪以及首席大法官约翰罗伯茨和高院自由派大法官裁定亚利桑那州肆意挑衅联邦权威。针对被推翻的（三项）条款，多数法官认为国会已有意地“先占领域”，因此亚利桑那州侵犯了联邦特权。

第四段

However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information andcooperate with federal colleagues.

单词&词组

1. verify [ˈverɪfaɪ]（出现3次）v.核对，核实

2. enforcement [ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt]（出现7次）n.执行

3. envision [ɪnˈvɪʒn] v.展望，想象

4. explicitly [ɪkˈsplɪsətli] adv.清楚地，明确地

5. come in contact with（接触到）

6. cooperate with（合作）

7. withhold （出现1次）v.拒绝，保留，抑制

8. interventionˌ[ɪntərˈvenʃn] n.干涉，干预
   

本段翻译

然鹅，法官们表示亚利桑那州警察可以对他们认为身份可疑的的人口进行身份核查。因为国会一直设想未来联邦和州政府在移民政策上能够通力合作，也明确鼓励州政府官员与联邦同事间能够共享信息，彼此协作。

第五段

Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rulesconflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privilegesgoing back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

单词&词组

1. conflict （出现8次）n.抵触，冲突，争论；v.抵触，冲突

2. statute [ˈstætʃuːt]（出现4次）n.法令，法规

3. objection [əbˈdʒekʃn] n.反对，异议

4. robust [roʊˈbʌst] adj.强有力的

5. defense [dɪ'fens] n.防卫，防守，辩护

6. go back to（追溯）

7. violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt] (出现1次) v. 违背，冒犯
   

本段翻译

投反对票的三位大法官中，塞缪斯和克拉伦斯赞同这一宪法逻辑，但在“亚利桑那移民法中哪些条款与联邦法规相抵触”这一问题上，他们持不同意见。唯一主要异议来自大法官安东宁，他为可以追溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法案》的州级特权进行了更强有力的辩护。

第六段

The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.

单词&词组

1. assertion [əˈsɜːrʃn] n.声明

2. priority [praɪˈɔːrəti]（出现8次）n.优先权，首要事情

3. invalidate [ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt] v.使无效

4. legitimate [lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət]（出现1次）adj.合法的

5. outweigh [ˌaʊtˈweɪ] v.重于，大于，超过
   

6. turn on （取决于）

7. comply with（遵守，符合）

8.  In effect（实际上，事实上）
   

本段翻译

最高法院8:0投票反对奥巴马总统的原因在于“其对于联邦执行政权令人震惊的维护”，正如塞缪斯在其反对意见中所述。白宫认为亚利桑那州移民法与自己的执法优先权相抵触，即便州法律一字一句严格遵循联邦法律。事实上，白宫断言自己可以废除任何其他虽然合法却不被白宫认可的州级法律。

第七段

Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to preventstates from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essenceasserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

单词&词组

1. exclusively [ɪkˈskluːsɪvli] adv.唯一地，专有地

2. administration [ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn]（出现9次）n.管理，行政；美国政府

3. essence [ˈesns]（出现1次）n.本质，实质

4. rightly adv.合适地，恰当地

5. remarkable [rɪˈmɑːrkəbl]（出现4次）adj.显著的，非凡的，不寻常的

本段翻译

联邦政府确实在一些问题上拥有专属权，其中包括对公民身份和边界的控制权。但是如果国会想阻止各州自行对移民身份进行核查，它有权如此。但国会从未这样做过。实质上奥巴马政府宣称的是：因为它自己不想执行国会在移民事物上的意愿，所以任何州也不允许执行。每位大法官理当抵制这一惊人言论。

5道题

36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they _______.

[A] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law

[B] disturbed the power balance between different states

[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers

[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies

37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

[B]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.

[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts _______.

[A] violated the Constitution

[B] stood in favor of the states

[C] supported the federal statute

[D] undermined the states’ interests

39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement _______.

[A] outweighs that held by the states

[B] is established by federal statutes

[C] is dependent on the states’ support

[D] rarely goes against state laws

40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.

参考答案

ACBAD