英国文学知识
一、 中古英国文学
1. Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most important specimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.
2. Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father of English fiction. His masterpiece。
The Canterbury Tales
The Romaunt of the Rose
The Legend of good Women
The House of Fame
二、 文艺复兴时期
时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期
特点： Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance
著名作家：
1. Thomas More: Utopia
2. Edmund Spenser (a poet):
The Faerie Queen
The Shepherd Calendar
3. Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):
Edward II
Dr. Faustus
Tamburlaine
The Jew of Malta
4. William Shakespeare
喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s Dream
As you like it
Merchant of Venice
The Twelfth night
悲剧：Romeo and Juliet
The Tempest
四大悲剧：Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet
主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V
5. Francis Bacon
Essays
The advancement of learning
6. John Donne
The Elegies and Satires
The Songs and Sonnets
7. John Milton (poet)
晚年三首长诗 Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes
三：新古典主义时期
时间：17世纪中后期到18世纪
特点：The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic and restrained emotion and accuracy.
著名作家：
1. John Dryden: All for Love
2. John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
The Holy War
The life and Death of Mr. Badman
3. Alexander Pope An Essay on Criticism
An Essay on Man
The Rape of the Lock
Odyssey
4. Daniel Defoe(who is called the father of English and European novels)
Robison Crusoe
A journal of the Plague year
Captain Singleton
5. Jonathan Swift
Gulliver’s Travel
A Tale of a Tub
A Modest proposal
The Drapier’s letters
6. Henry Fielding
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
7. Samuel Johnson (著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者)
A Dictionary of the English Language
The Vanity of Human Wishes
London
8. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
The school for the scandal
The Rivals
9. Thomas Gray
Elegy Written in a country churchyard
Ode on the spring
四：浪漫主义时期
时间：18世纪中期到19世纪中期
特点：Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty and is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom. The Romanticism period is an age of Poetry and poets.
主要作家
1. William Blake
Songs of Experience
Songs of Innocence
Poetical Sketches
The marriage of heaven and hell
2. William Wordsworth
Lyrical Ballads
To the Cuckoo
My Heart leaps up
3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗
三巨头
1. George Gordon Byron
Cain
Don Juan
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
2. Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ode to the West Wind
Ode to the Skylark
Prometheus unbounded
The Necessity of Atheism
Queen Mab
3. John Keats
Ode to Autumn
Ode to a nightingale
Ode on a Grecian um 希腊古瓷颂
Isabella
以下各位不太重要：
1. Charles Lamb
Tales from Shakespeare
Essays of Elia
2. Mary Shelley
Frankenstein
3. Robert Southey
Joan of Arc 圣女贞德
小说家
Jane Austin
Emma
Sense and Sensibility
Pride and Prejudice
Mansfield Park
Persuasion
五、VICTORIA PERIOD
时间：维多利亚1837年继位，1901年去世。
特点：Writers in Victoria period all focus on the fate of common people. Therefore Romanticism was replaced by realism. And the novel gradually became the dominant form of literature.
主要作家：
小说家：
1. Charles Dickens
A Tale of two cities
David Copperfield
Dombey and son
Great Expectation
Oliver Twist
Hard times
The Old Curiosity Shop
2. Charlotte Bronte
Jane Eyre
Shirley
3. Emily Bronte
Wuthering Heights
4. Anne Bronte
Agnes Grey
5. George Eliot
Middlemarch
The mills on the Floss
6. William M Thackeray
Vanity Fair 名利场
7. Thomas Hardy
Tess of the D’s Urbervilles
Far From the madding crowd
Jude the Obscure
The Mayor of Casterbridge
请同学们自己特别注意一下剧作家，诗人， 散文家 Oscar Wilde。
诗人：
1） Alfred Tennyson
Poems by two brothers
The princess
In Memoriam
Idylls of the king
2） Robert Browning
Home thoughts from abroad
The rings and the book
六：英国现代文学
时间：19世纪末到现在
特点：Realistic tradition ,though continued to alive was gradually overtaken by other literary trends such as symbolism, the stream of consciousness and naturalism
著名作家
1. Bernard Shaw (爱尔兰剧作家)
Major Babara 巴巴拉上校
Mrs. Warren’s Profession
Pygmalion 买花女
2. John Galsworthy (英国小说家，剧作家，1932年诺贝尔文学奖)
The Forsyta Saga 福赛特家史包括three novels and two interludes.
The man of Property
In Chancery 骑虎难下
To let 出让
The Indian summer of Forsyte (interlude)
Awakening (interlude)
3. T. S Eliot (英国诗人)
Ash Wednesday
Four Quartets 四个四重奏
The Wasteland
4. William Butler Yeats (爱尔兰诗人,剧作家)
The land of Heart’s desire
The Tower
主要诗歌
Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭
The second Coming 基督再临
Leda and the Swan 利达和天鹅
5. D H Lawrence
Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Sons and Lovers
The Rainbow
The White Peacock
Women in Love
6. James Joyce (爱尔兰小说家)
A Portrait of the Artist as a young man
Dubliners
Finnegans Wake 芬尼根的醒悟
Ulysses
以下作家不太重要
Virginia Woolf
To the Lighthouse 去灯塔
The Waves 海浪
Mrs. Dalloway 黛咯维夫人
A Room of One’s Own 自己的房间
A Voyage out 航行
Orlando
美国文学
一、 北美殖民主义时期文学
时间：16世纪末到17世纪中
特点：The first writings are narratives and journals of early settlers
主要作家
1. John Smith
A True Relation of Virginia : the first book in American literature
A Map of Virginia with a description of the country
二、独立革命时期文学
时间：17世纪中到18世纪末
特点 it is featured by two revolutions. One was American revolution and the other is enlightenment, which led to the American independence and an intellectual development whose rationalistic spirit inspired Americans and brought them into a new horizon
主要作家
1. Benjamin Franklin ( a member of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence)
Autobiography
Poor Richard’s Almanac 穷理查德书
2. Thomas Paine
Common Sense
The American Crisis
Rights of man
The Age of Reason
3. Philip Freneau (poet of American Revolution)
The British Prison Ship
The Rising Glory of America
The Indian Burying Ground
The wild Honey Suckle 野金银花
三、 浪漫主义时期
时间：18世纪末到19世纪中期
特点：American Romanticism advocates individualism and encourage people to fight for individual right and human happiness with brevity. It attached importance to individual dignity and value and believed that human nature is benign.
主要作家：
1. Washington Irving
A history of New York
The Sketch Book 见闻札记
Rip Van Winkle 瑞普 梵 温克尔
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷传说
Tales of a traveler
2. James Fenimore Cooper
Leather Stocking Tales 皮袜子故事集
The last of the Mochicans 最后的末希干人
3. William Cullen Bryant (romantic poet)
poems
The fountain
The white-footed deer
A forest hymn
The flood of years
4. Edgar Allen Poe
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集
The Fall of the House Usher 呃舍屋的倒塌
The Raven 乌鸦
To Helen 致海伦
The City in the Sea 海城
5. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nature
Self-Reliance
The Transcendentalist
The American Scholar
Divinity School Address 神学院的演说
6. Henry David Thoreau
Walden 瓦尔登湖
Resistance to Civil Government 抵制公民政府
Civil Disobedience 论市民的不服从
7. Nathaniel Hawthorne
Scarlet letter
Mosses from an old manse 古屋青苔
8. Herman Meville
Moby Dick 大白鲸
Typee 泰比
9. Walt Whitman (诗人)
Leaves of Grass
Song of myself 自我之歌
10. Emily Dickinson （诗人）
The Poems of Emily Dickinson
This is my letter to the world
I heard a fly buzz when I died
四：现实主义时期
时间：19世纪中期到20世纪末
特点：The rise and development of American literary realism was the product of the changes in American politics and economic development
著名作家：
1. Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
2. Mark Twain
The adventure of Tom Sawyer
The adventure of Huckleberry Finn
The Innocents abroad 傻瓜出国记
The Prince and Pauper 王子和贫民
The Gilded Age 镀金时代
3. O Henry
The Cop and the Anthem
4. Henry James
Daisy Miller
The portrait of a lady 贵夫人的画像
The Ambassadors 大使们
The wings of a dove 鸽翼
5. Jack London
The son and the wolf
The call from the wild
The sea-wolf
White fang 白獠牙
The people of the Abyss 深渊中的人们
Martin Eden 马丁易登
6．Theodore Dreiser
Sister Carrie
Jennie Gerhardt 珍妮姑娘
Trilogy of Desire
An American Tragedy
The Financier
The Genius
五：美国当代文学
时间：一战后
特点：writers of this time freed themselves from traditional concepts of culture and morality and created the literary art of modernism. The writers of lost generation were frustrated by the war and literature accordingly was featured by disillusionment of ideas and civilization.
主要作家
诗歌
1. Ezra pound (imagism poet)
In a station of Metro 地铁站里
The Cantos 诗章
Homage to Sextus Propertius
Personage 人物
The Pisan Cantos 比萨诗章
2. Robert Frost (新英格来背景的诗人)
A Boy’s Wish
North of Boston
A Witness tree 一棵作证的树
Mountain Interval 山间
A Further Range 又一片牧场
3. Wallace Stevens （诗人）
Harmonium (风琴)
The man with blue Guitar
The Auroras of Autumn （秋天的晨曦）
Collected Poems 诗集
4. Thomas Stearns Eliot (诗人，剧作家，1948年诺贝尔文学奖)
Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三
Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂的谋杀
The Waste land 荒原
The Hollow Man 空心人
The Sacred Wood 圣林
小说
1. Sinclair Lewis （第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家）
Our Mr. Wrenn 我们的雷恩先生
The Job 求职
The Main Street 大街
Babbit 吧比特
2. Eugene O Neill(唯一一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的剧作家)
The Iceman Cometh 送冰的人来了
The long day’s journey into night 长夜漫漫路迢迢
The Hairy Ape 毛猿
Emperor Jones 琼斯皇帝
The Great God Brown 大神布朗
Desire under the Elm 榆树下的欲望
All the God’s Children Got Wings 上帝的儿女都有翅膀
3. F. Scott Fitzgerald （爵士乐时代的优秀编年体作家）
The Side of Paradise 人间天堂
The Beautiful and the Damned 漂亮冤家
Tender is the night 月色温柔
The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖兹比
The last Tycoon 最后的巨头
4. Ernest Hemingway （获诺贝尔文学奖，迷茫一代的代言人）
The sun also rises
A farewell to arms
For whom the bell tolls
The old man and the sea
Death in the Afternoon (午后之死)
Green hill of Africa （非洲的青山）
5. John Steinbeck （1962获得诺贝尔文学奖）
The Grapes of Wrath
The Pearl
Of Mice and Men
In Dubious Battle
Tortilla Flat (煎饼坪)
6. William Faulkner （南方文艺复兴最杰出代表，1949年诺贝尔文学奖）
The sound and fury 喧哗与骚动
As I lay dying 在我弥留之际
Light in August 八月之光
Absalom, Absalom 押沙龙，押沙龙
