很多同学记单词基本上是两种方式:死记硬背和联想记忆。死记硬背效率低;联想记忆只是就是论事,记一个单词是一个,没办法通过一个单词去搞定很多其他单词。但是词根词缀确实一个消灭词汇的利器,它可以让大家掌握一个,触类旁通,记住很多及其他词汇。
下面是今年25考研新大纲后面要求会考的80个前缀和59个后缀。掌握了这些内容,遇到生单词,你大概率也能猜出它的意思了。赶快看看哪些是你不会的吧。
(1)常用前缀
1. a-: 不;没有;处于某种状态或方式
typically (典型地)- atypically (非典型地)
wake (醒来)- awake (醒着的)
2. aero-: 关于空气或飞行器
dynamic (动态的)- aerodynamic (空气动力学的)
space (空间)- aerospace (航空航天)
3. ante-: 在...之前;在前面
date (日期)- antedate (提前的日期)
room (房间)- anteroom (前厅)
4. anti-: 反对;相反的;防止
poverty (贫困)- anti-poverty (反贫困)
climax (高潮)- anticlimax (反高潮)
theft (盗窃)- antitheft (防盗)
5. auto-: 自动的;自己
biography (传记)- autobiography (自传)
pilot (飞行员)- autopilot (自动驾驶仪)
6. be-: 作为;穿着或覆盖着
little (小的)- belittle (轻视)
jewel (珠宝)- bejewelled (装饰着珠宝的)
7. bi-: 两个;每两次或每隔两次
lateral (侧边的)- bilateral (双边的)
annual (每年的)- biannual (每半年一次的)
8. bio-: 与生命或生物有关
diversity (多样性)- biodiversity (生物多样性)
9. by-: 次要的
product (产品)- by-product (副产品)
10. centi-: 百分之一;一百
liter (升)- centiliter (百升之一)
grade (度)- centigrade (摄氏度)
11. co-: 一起;共同承担工作或责任
exist (存在)- coexist (共存)
author (作者)- coauthor (合著者)
12. col-: (用于 l 前)一起
location (位置)- collocation (搭配)
13. com-: (用于 b, m, p 前)一起
passion (热情)- compassion (同情)
14. con-: 一起
federation (联邦)- confederation (邦联)
15. contra-: 反对,相反
flow (流动)- contraflow (逆流)
15. cor-: (用于 r 前)一起
relate (相关)- correlate (相关联)
16. counter-: 反对,相反;相反方向;对应的
example (例子)- counter-example (反例)
clockwise (顺时针)- counterclockwise (逆时针)
part (部分)- counterpart (对应部分)
17. cross-: 跨越;涉及不同的事物
border (边界)- cross-border (跨境)
cultural (文化的)- cross-cultural (跨文化的)
18. cyber-: 与计算机、互联网和虚拟现实有关
crime (犯罪)- cybercrime (网络犯罪)
19. de-: 做相反的事;移除;减少
activate (激活)- deactivate (停用)
frost (霜)- defrost (解冻)
value (价值)- devalue (贬值)
20. dis-: 相反的;停止或移除
honesty (诚实)- dishonesty (不诚实)
connect (连接)- disconnect (断开连接)
21. down-: 位置、数量、质量或重要性较低
river (河流)- downriver (下游)
size (大小)- downsize (缩小规模)
22. e-: 电子的;使用互联网
commerce (商业)- e-commerce (电子商务)
23. eco-: 与环境有关
disaster (灾难)- eco-disaster (生态灾难)
24. em-: (用于 b, m, p 前)放入或附上;使成为
power (权力)- empower (授权)
bitter (苦的)- embitter (使痛苦)
25. en-: 放入或附上;使成为
danger (危险)- endanger (危及)
large (大的)- enlarge (扩大)
26. ex-: 前任的
wife (妻子)- ex-wife (前妻)
27. extra-: 外部或超出;非常或超过正常
curricular (课程的)- extracurricular (课外的)
large (大的)- extra-large (特大号)
28. fore-: 在...之前;在前面
tell (告诉)- foretell (预言)
name (名字)- forename (名)
29. hemi-: 半
sphere (球体)- hemisphere (半球)
30. hyper-: 超过通常的
tension (紧张)- hypertension (高血压)
31. hypo-: 低于通常的
tension (紧张)- hypotension (低血压)
32. il-: (用于 l 前)不
logical (逻辑的)- illogical (不合逻辑的)
33. im-: (用于 b, m, p 前)不
moral (道德的)- immoral (不道德的)
34. in-: 不
sensitive (敏感的)- insensitive (不敏感的)
35. infra-: 低于某个范围
sonic (声波的)- infrasonic (次声波的)
36. inter-: 之间;涉及两个或多个
state (州)- interstate (州际的)
national (国家的)- international (国际的)
37. intra-: 内部;进入
European (欧洲的)- intra-European (欧洲内部的)
muscular (肌肉的)- intramuscular (肌肉内的)
38. ir-: (用于 r 前)不
regular (规律的)- irregular (不规律的)
39. kilo-: 千
meter (米)- kilometer (千米)
40. macro-: 大的,大规模的
economics (经济学)- macroeconomics (宏观经济学)
41. mal-: 坏的或不好;不正确或不正确地
practice (实践)- malpractice (不当行为)
function (功能)- malfunction (故障)
42. meta-: 超越,更高的
analysis (分析)- meta-analysis (元分析)
43. micro-: 小的,小规模的;百万分之一
organism (生物)- microorganism (微生物)
second (秒)- microsecond (微秒)
44. mid-: 某个特定时期或地点的中间
September (九月)- mid-September (九月中旬)
west (西)- midwest (中西部)
45. milli-: 千分之一
meter (米)- millimeter (毫米)
46. mini-: 小的;短的
bus (公共汽车)- minibus (小型公共汽车)
skirt (裙子)- miniskirt (迷你裙)
47. mis-: 坏的或不好;错的或错误地
fortune (命运)- misfortune (不幸)
understand (理解)- misunderstand (误解)
48. mono-: 一个,单一的
lingual (语言的)- monolingual (单语的)
49. multi-: 超过一个或两个,许多
national (国家的)- multinational (多国的)
purpose (目的)- multipurpose (多用途的)
50. neo-: 新的或最近的,或现代形式的
classicism (古典主义)- neoclassicism (新古典主义)
51. non-: 不
smoker (吸烟者)- non-smoker (不吸烟者)
52. off-: 不在或远离
stage (舞台)- offstage (后台)
53. oft-: 经常
quoted (引用)- oft-quoted (经常引用的)
54. omni-: 全部,完全
present (存在的)- omnipresent (无所不在的)
55. out-: 更大、更远、更重要等;外部或超出
live (生活)- outlive (活得比...长)
door (门)- outdoor (户外的)
56. over-: 过多;在上方;额外的
weight (重量)- overweight (超重)
head (头)- overhead (头顶的)
time (时间)- overtime (加班时间)
57. pan-: 包括或涉及所有部分或成员
African (非洲的)- pan-African (泛非洲的)
58. para-: 超越;类似的但不是正式的或不完全合格的
normal (正常的)- paranormal (超自然的)
medic (医疗)- paramedic (急救人员)
59. poly-: 许多
centric (中心的)- polycentric (多中心的)
60. post-: 之后或晚于
war (战争)- postwar (战后的)
61. pre-: 之前或提前
industrial (工业的)- pre-industrial (工业前的)
62. pro-: 支持,赞成;作为替代
European (欧洲的)- pro-European (亲欧洲的)
noun (名词)- pronoun (代词)
63. pseudo-: 假的或不真实的
science (科学)- pseudoscience (伪科学)
64. re-: 再次;以更好的或不同的方式再次;回到以前的状态
apply (申请)- reapply (重新申请)
write (写)- rewrite (重写)
unite (联合)- reunite (重新联合)
65. retro-: 向后或向后
active (活跃的)- retroactive (追溯的)
66. self-: 与你自己或它本身有关
evident (明显的)- self-evident (不言而喻的)
67. semi-: 一半;部分或部分地
circle (圆)- semicircle (半圆)
conscious (有意识的)- semiconscious (半意识的)
68. step-: 因父母再婚而相关的
mother (母亲)- stepmother (继母)
69. sub-: 在下方或下方;整体的一部分;不如其他人或事物
way (路)- subway (地铁)
section (部分)- subsection (子部分)
standard (标准)- substandard (次标准的)
70. super-: 比通常的更多、更大、更好
natural (自然的)- supernatural (超自然的)
71. tele-: 长距离
communications (通信)- telecommunications (电信)
72. therm(o)-: 与热有关
meter (计数器)- thermometer (温度计)
73. trans-: 跨越;进入另一个地方或状态
Atlantic (大西洋)- transatlantic (跨大西洋的)
plant (植物)- transplant (移植)
74. tri-: 三个;每三次或每隔三次
cycle (周期)- tricycle (三轮车)
monthly (每月的)- trimonthly (每三个月一次的)
75. ultra-: 极端的;超出某个范围
modern (现代的)- ultramodern (超现代的)
sound (声音)- ultrasound (超声波)
76. un-: 不;相反
certain (确定的)- uncertain (不确定的)
tie (系)- untie (解开)
77. under-: 不够;在下方;地位较低或重要性较低
developed (发达的)- underdeveloped (欠发达的)
water (水)- underwater (水下的)
secretary (秘书)- under-secretary (副秘书长)
78. uni-: 一个
directional (方向的)- unidirectional (单向的)
79. up-: 朝向更高或更好的部分;完全移动或改变
market (市场)- upmarket (高档市场)
end (结束)- upend (倒置)
80. vice-: 排名第二的
president (总统)- vice-president (副总统)
(2)常用后缀
(1) 名词后缀
1. -ability, -ibility
able (能够的)- ability (能力)
flexible (灵活的)- flexibility (灵活性)
2. -acy, -cy
delicate (精致的)- delicacy (精致)
relevant (相关的)- relevancy (相关性)
3. -age
post (邮件)- postage (邮资)
short (短的)- shortage (短缺)
4. -al
arrive (到达)- arrival (到达)
refuse (拒绝)- refusal (拒绝)
5. -an, -ian, -arian
library (图书馆)- librarian (图书管理员)
music (音乐)- musician (音乐家)
6. -ance, -ence
appear (出现)- appearance (外观)
refer (参考)- reference (参考)
7. -ancy, -ency
expect (期望)- expectancy (期望值)
emerge (出现)- emergency (紧急情况)
8. -ant, -ent
apply (应用)- applicant (申请人)
correspond (对应)- correspondent (通讯员)
9. -ation, -ion, -ition, -sion, -tion, -xion
confirm (确认)- confirmation (确认)
extinct (灭绝)- extinction (灭绝)
10. -dom
bore (无聊)- boredom (无聊)
king (国王)- kingdom (王国)
11. -ee
employ (雇用)- employee (雇员)
absent (缺席)- absentee (缺席者)
12. -eer
mountain (山)- mountaineer (登山者)
13. -er, -or, -ar
New York (纽约)- New Yorker (纽约人)
auction (拍卖)- auctioneer (拍卖师)
14. -escalate
escalate (升级)- escalator (电梯)
15. -ery
brave (勇敢的)- bravery (勇敢)
bake (烤)- bakery (面包店)
machine (机器)- machinery (机械)
16. -ese
China (中国)- Chinese (中国人)
Japan (日本)- Japanese (日本人)
17. -ess
actor (男演员)- actress (女演员)
waiter (男服务员)- waitress (女服务员)
18. -ful
hand (手)- handful (一把)
spoon (勺子)- spoonful (一勺)
19. -hood
child (孩子)- childhood (童年)
brother (兄弟)- brotherhood (兄弟情谊)
20. -ics
electron (电子)- electronics (电子学)
linguist (语言学家)- linguistics (语言学)
21. -ing
surf (冲浪)- surfing (冲浪)
22. -ism
criticize (批评)- criticism (批评)
Marx (马克思)- Marxism (马克思主义)
alcohol (酒精)- alcoholism (酗酒)
23. -ist
socialism (社会主义)- socialist (社会主义者)
column (专栏)- columnist (专栏作家)
24. -ity, -ty
pure (纯净的)- purity (纯净)
cruel (残忍的)- cruelty (残忍)
25. -let
book (书)- booklet (小册子)
drop (滴)- droplet (小滴)
26. -logy, -ology
mineral (矿物)- mineralogy (矿物学)
climate (气候)- climatology (气候学)
27. -ment
advertise (广告)- advertisement (广告)
fulfil (履行)- fulfilment (履行)
28. -ness
happy (快乐的)- happiness (快乐)
polite (礼貌的)- politeness (礼貌)
29. -ship
friend (朋友)- friendship (友谊)
citizen (公民)- citizenship (公民身份)
30. -th
grow (生长)- growth (生长)
wide (宽的)- width (宽度)
31. -ure
close (关闭)- closure (关闭)
legislate (立法)- legislature (立法机构)
32. -y
inquire (询问)- inquiry (询问)
orthodox (正统的)- orthodoxy (正统)
(2) 动词后缀
1. -eer
profit (利润)- profiteer (牟取暴利者)
command (命令)- commandeer (征用)
2. -en
deep (深的)- deepen (加深)
length (长度)- lengthen (延长)
3. -ify
class (类别)- classify (分类)
simple (简单的)- simplify (简化)
4. -ise, -ize
drama (戏剧)- dramatise/dramatize (戏剧化)
popular (受欢迎的)- popularise/popularize (普及)
(3) 形容词后缀
1. -able, -ible
fashion (时尚)- fashionable (时尚的)
access (进入)- accessible (可进入的)
2. -al
accident (事故)- accidental (意外的)
structure (结构)- structural (结构的)
3. -an, -ian, -arian
suburb (郊区)- suburban (郊区的)
Shakespeare (莎士比亚)- Shakespearean (莎士比亚式的)
4. -ant, -ent
please (请)- pleasant (愉快的)
differ (不同)- different (不同的)
5. -ary, -ory
custom (习惯)- customary (习惯性的)
advise (建议)- advisory (咨询的)
6. -ate
passion (热情)- passionate (热情的)
affection (情感)- affectionate (有感情的)
7. -ed
talent (才能)- talented (有才能的)
bad temper (坏脾气)- bad-tempered (脾气坏的)
8. -en
gold (金)- golden (金色的)
wood (木头)- wooden (木制的)
9. -ese
Portugal (葡萄牙)- Portuguese (葡萄牙的)
Vienna (维也纳)- Viennese (维也纳的)
10. -esque
picture (图片)- picturesque (风景如画的)
Roman (罗马的)- Romanesque (罗马式的)
11. -free
duty (义务)- duty-free (免税的)
care (关心)- carefree (无忧无虑的)
12. -friendly
user (用户)- user-friendly (用户友好的)
environment (环境)- environment-friendly (环保的)
13. -ful
joy (欢乐)- joyful (欢乐的)
forget (忘记)- forgetful (健忘的)
14. -ic, -ical
economy (经济)- economic(economic) (经济的)
specify (指定)- specific (具体的)
15. -ish
Ireland (爱尔兰)- Irish (爱尔兰的)
child (孩子)- childish (幼稚的)
red (红色)- reddish (红褐色的)
16. -ive
divide (划分)- divisive (分裂的)
support (支持)- supportive (支持的)
17. -less
hope (希望)- hopeless (无望的)
cease (停止)- ceaseless (不停的)
18. -like
child (孩子)- childlike (孩子般的)
shell (壳)- shell-like (像壳的)
19. -ly
man (男人)- manly (男子汉的)
month (月份)- monthly (每月的)
20. -most
top (顶部)- topmost (最顶部的)
southern (南部的)- southernmost (最南端的)
21. -ous, -ious
mountain (山)- mountainous (多山的)
prestige (声望)- prestigious (有声望的)
22. -some
burden (负担)- burdensome (繁重的)
quarrel (争吵)- quarrelsome (爱争吵的)
23. -ward
down (向下)- downward (向下的)
home (家)- homeward (回家的)
24. -y
salt (盐)- salty (咸的)
sleep (睡觉)- sleepy (困倦的)
(4) 副词后缀
1. -ly
easy (容易的)- easily (容易地)
heavy (重的)- heavily (重重地)
2. -ward, -wards
east (东)- eastward(s) (向东)
north (北)- northward(s) (向北)
3. -wise
clock (时钟)- clockwise (顺时针)
security (安全)- security-wise (从安全的角度)