2018年英语一阅读理解Text3

第一段

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain‘s National Health Service （NHS） and Deep Mind must start by acknowledging that both sidesmean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence（AI） companies in theworld。 The potential of this work applied to health care is very great， but it could also lead to further concentration of powerin the tech giants。 It Is against that background that theinformation commissioner，Elizabeth Denham， has issued her damning verdict against theRoyal Free hospital trust under the NHS， which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement ( that ) whichtook far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations ofprivacy.

单词&词组

1. apply to 应用于……

2. commissioner  n. 专员，长官

3. issue  v. 发表（声明），发出（警告等）

4. damning  a. 证明某人作恶的，（证据等）确凿的

5. hand over 把某事交给某人负责/处理

6. vague  a. 不明确的，含糊其辞的

7. arrangement  n. （解决问题的）办法，非正式协议

本段翻译

任何对英国国民健康服务（NHS）和Deep Mind达成协议的危险性的公正评估都必须首先承认双方都很好。DeepMind是世界领先的人工智能（AI）公司之一。这项工作应用于医疗保健领域的潜力非常巨大，但也可能导致科技巨头的权力进一步集中。正是在这样的背景下，信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆（Elizabeth Denham）发表了她的谴责性判决根据医院对病人的不明确的期望，医院在2015年将他们的权利交给了600万病人。

第二段

Deep Mind has almost apologized。 The NHS trust hasmended its ways。Further arrangements- and there may bemany-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has beencleaned。 There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn。 But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important。 Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust， since underexisting law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed“ it。 But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation，not the mere possession of bits，that gives the data value.

单词&词组

1. scrutinise  v. 仔细查看，密切审查

2. permission  n. 许可，授权

3. ask the permission of sb. 得到……的许可

4. informed  a. 消息灵通的，知情的

5. consent  n. 许可，同意

6. miss the point 不得要领

7. process  v. 处理，加工  n. 过程；方法；程序

8. aggregation  n. 聚集，集成

本段翻译

Deep Mind几乎已经道歉了。NHS信托已经改进了它的方式。进一步的安排——NHS和DeepMind之间可能有很多安排将被仔细审查，以确保所有必要的权限都已被要求给患者，所有不必要的数据都已被清除。有一些关于患者知情同意的教训值得学习。但是隐私并不是这件事的唯一角度，甚至不是最重要的。Denham女士选择将责任集中在NHS信托上，因为根据现有法律，NHS信托“控制”了数据，而DeepMind只是“处理”了数据。但这种区别忽略了一点，即它是处理和聚合，而不仅仅是拥有位，它给出了数据值。

第三段

The great question is who should benefit from theanalysis of all the data that our lives now generate。 Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledgeabout them。 That misses the way the surveillance economyworks。 The data of an individual there gains itsvalue only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.

单词&词组

1. benefit from... 从……获益

2. generate  v. 产生，形成

3. surveillance  n. 监测，监视

4. compare with... 与……相比较、相对照

本段翻译

最大的问题是谁应该从我们现在生活中产生的所有数据的分析中获益。隐私法建立在对个人的可识别的知识对个人造成损害的概念上。这就错失了监控经济的运作方式。只有当个人的数据与还有无数的人。

第四段

The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in thisinstance feels slightly maladapted。 This practice does not address the realworry。 It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops willbenefit patients and save lives。What matters is that they will belong to aprivate monopoly which developed them using public resources。 If softwarepromises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can， big data may be expected to behave as a bigpharm has done。 We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later。 A long struggle will be needed to avoid  a future of digital feudalism。 Ms Denham‘sreport is a welcome start。

单词&词组

1. curb  v. 约束；抑制

2. maladapted a. 不合适的

3. algorithm  n. 算法，计算程序

4. turn out... 最终成为……，最后

5. feudalism  n. 分封制

本段翻译

在这种情况下，使用隐私法来遏制科技巨头，感觉有点不适应。这种做法并不能解决真正的担忧。仅仅说DeepMind开发的算法能够造福病人和拯救生命是不够的。重要的是，它们将属于利用公共资源开发的私有垄断。如果软件承诺以dugs现在所能达到的规模拯救生命，大数据可能会像一个大药剂师所做的那样表现出来。我们还处在这场革命的开始阶段，现在的小选择可能会在以后产生巨大的后果。要避免数字封建主义的未来，还需要长期的斗争。Denham女士的报告是欢迎开始

五道题

31.Wha is true ofthe agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ？

[A] It causedconflicts among tech giants。

[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights。

[C] It fell shortof the latter‘s expectations

[D] It put bothsides into a dangerous situation。

32。 The NHS trust responded to Denham‘s verdictwith

[A] empty promises。

[B] tough resistance。

[C] necessaryadjustments。

[D] sincere apologies。

33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that

[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs。

[B] leaking patients‘ data is worse than selling it。

[C] making profits from patients‘ data is illegal。

[D] the value ofdata comes from the processing of it

34.According to the last paragraph， the real worry arising from this deal is

[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas。

[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law。

[C] the uncontrolled use of new software。

[D] the monopolyof big data by tech giants。

35.The author‘s attitude toward the application of AI tohealthcare is

[A] ambiguous。

[B] cautious。

[C] appreciative。

[D] contemptuous。

参考答案

BCDDB

答案解析

31、细节题。根据题干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy这一部分的语义信息，说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同义改写。

32、细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根据第二句的语义信息，NHS trust针对Denham’s verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容，故通过同义替换，可确定正确答案为C。

33、推理题。根据题干，此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”. 这种区分忽视了一个点：是处理和收集赋予数据意义，而不是拥有数据。 选项中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。 选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此，D项为正确答案。

34、细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业，而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此，选项D为正确答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly。

35、态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期，并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”，其中“still”一词，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比，都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度，因此[B] cautious为正确答案。