2020年英语二阅读理解Text2

第一段

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.

单词&词组

1. on average  平均

2. publicly traded corporation  上市公司

3. varying  a. 不同的

本段翻译

诚然，首席执行官的薪酬一直在上涨——最高的公司的平均薪酬可能是普通员工的300倍，而且自20世纪70年代中期以来，美国大型上市公司的首席执行官薪酬已经上涨了约500%，美国顶级公司的典型CEO现在的年收入约为1890万英镑。

第二段

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

单词&词组

1. dynamic  a. 推动的，动力的；有干劲的

2. up one's game  做出更好表现；做出更多努力

3. relative to  相对于

本段翻译

理解首席执行官薪酬增长的最佳模式是，在一个顶级企业的商业机会迅速增长的世界里，有限的首席执行官人才是如何增长的。美国收入最高的1%的人的努力是全球经济中更具活力的因素之一。这并不流行，但他们的薪酬上涨如此之快的一个原因是，相对于美国经济中的许多其他员工，首席执行官们确实提高了他们的游戏水平。

第三段

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.

单词&词组

1. predecessor  n. 前任；前辈

2. slipup  n. 失误，疏忽

3. ever before  以前；以往任何时候

4. supply chain  供应链

5. mind-boggling  a. 难以置信的；十分惊人的

6. virtually  ad. 几乎

7. beyond this  除外

8. day-to-day work  日常工作

本段翻译

今天的首席执行官，至少对美国的大公司来说，除了能够“管理公司”之外，还必须具备许多技能。首席执行官必须对金融市场有很好的了解，甚至可能对公司应该如何在这些市场上进行交易。他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公关技巧，因为即使是一个小小的失误，代价也可能是巨大的。还有一个事实是，美国大公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多国家。要想在这一体系中发挥领导作用，就需要具备令人难以置信的知识，而且，几乎所有的美国大公司都超出了这一范围，主要的首席执行官们仍然要做他们一直以来做的所有日常工作。

第四段

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”

单词&词组

1. rip sb. off  剥削；欺诈；敲……竹杠

2. by most measures  从大多数方面来看；以多数标准衡量

3. rigorous  a. 严格的；严厉的

4. principally  ad. 主要地

5. recruit  v. 招募；聘用

本段翻译

通常认为，CEO的高薪主要是为了敲诈员工，但这并不能很好地解释历史。从大多数衡量标准来看，自20世纪70年代以来，公司治理已经变得更加严格和严格，但首席执行官的薪酬一直居高不下，而且还在不断上升。这表明，为越来越艰难的工作招聘顶尖人选符合企业更广泛的利益。”

第五段

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

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