2020年英语二阅读理解Text3

第一段

Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.

单词&词组

1. hail... as  称赞……为……

2. beacon  n. 引路人，指路明灯

3. roll out  开展[新的政治运动]；正式推出[新的产品]

4. restriction  n. 限制条例

5. suspend  v. （使）暂停

6. enforcement  n. 执行，实施

7. demise  n. 终止；死亡

本段翻译

去年11月，马德里出台了针对污染最严重的汽车的雄心勃勃的限制措施，被誉为公共卫生的灯塔。七个月零一个选举日后，一个新的保守党市议会暂停了清洁空气区的实施，这是该区可能灭亡的第一步。

第二段

Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.

单词&词组

1. centrepiece  n. （最佳的/最具吸引力的）部分

2. overrule  v. 否决

3. levy  v. 征（税）

4. reinstate  v. 恢复（法律、机构或条例等）

5. legal battles  司法拉锯战

本段翻译

市长何塞·路易斯·马丁内斯-阿尔梅达（Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida）将反对该区作为他竞选活动的核心内容，尽管该区在改善空气质量方面取得了成功。一名法官现在驳回了该市停止征收罚款的决定，命令恢复罚款。但随着法律诉讼的进行，该区的未来充其量也不确定。

第三段

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.

单词&词组

1. employ  v. 使用，采用

2. contentious  a. 引起争议的

3. vulnerable  a. 易招致抨击的，易受攻击的

4. inevitably  ad. 必然发生地

5. cheating  n. 舞弊（指做违法乱纪之事）

6. toxic  a. 有毒的

本段翻译

除其他弱点外，城市在自行解决污染空气问题时必须采取的措施在政治上有争议，因此很脆弱。这是因为他们不可避免地把净化空气的费用推到了司机个人身上---他们必须付费用或者买更好的车辆---而不是汽车制造商，他们的欺骗行为才是我们有毒污染的真正原因。

第四段

It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.

单词&词组

1. reversal  n. （过程、政策或趋势的）逆转

2. ultra-  prefix.  极端/非常

3. issue  n. 议题

4. spark intense opposition from  引发……的激烈反抗

本段翻译

不难想象伦敦也会发生类似的逆转。新的超低排放区（Ulez）很可能成为明年市长选举的一大议题。如果萨迪克·汗获胜，并在2021年如他所愿将其扩展到南北环形道路，这肯定会引发更多受影响的驾车者的强烈反对。

第五段

It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.

单词&词组

1. lever  n. （用作施加压力等的）手段，方法

2. be available to  对……是可获取/利用的

3. deliver  v. 递送（货物等），文中延伸为“带来（影响）”

4. stroke  n. 中风

5. premature birth  早产

6. dementia  n. 痴呆

7. untimely death  早逝

本段翻译

并不是说像伦敦的乌列兹这样的措施是无用的。远没有。面对严重的威胁，当地官员正在利用手中的杠杆来保障居民的健康。这些区域确实改善了空气质量，科学告诉我们这意味着真正的健康益处——减少心脏病发作、中风和早产，减少癌症、痴呆和哮喘。减少过早死亡。

第六段

But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.

单词&词组

1. acting 表演  ; 行动 ; 行为

2. national governments 国民政府 

本段翻译

但是，市长和议员们对一个远远大于任何一个城市或城镇的问题只能做这么多。他们之所以采取行动，是因为各国政府——英国和其他欧洲国家——未能做到这一点。

第七段

Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, 。school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

参考答案

答案解析