Land
Land is a delineable [diˈlinieit] area of the earth's terrestrial [tiˈrestriəl] surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface including those of the near-surface climate the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes, and swamps [swɔmp]), the near-surface sedimentary /ˌsedɪˈmentəri/ (沉淀性的) layers and associated groundwater reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity (terracing, water storage or drainage structures, roads, buildings, etc. [etˈsetərə] (=et cetera)). (UN, 1994)
Land use
Land use is the human modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. The major effect of land use on land cover since 1750 has been deforestation of temperate regions. More recent significant effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization [səlini'zeiʃən], and desertification. Land-use change, together with use of fossil fuels, are the major anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. It has also been defined as "the total of arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type".
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Land cover
Land cover corresponds to a (bio) physical description of the earth's surface. It is that which overlays or currently covers the ground. This description enables various biophysical categories to be distinguished - basically, areas of vegetation (trees, bushes, fields and lawn), bare soil, hard surfaces (rocks, buildings) and wet areas and bodies of water (watercourses水流(河床), wetlands). There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey and thorough analysis of remotely sensed imagery. The nature of land cover is discussed in Comber et al. (2005).
A Comber, P Fisher, R Wadsworth. What is land cover? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2005
Difference
Land use corresponds to the socio-economic description (functional dimension) of areas: areas used for residential, industrial or commercial purposes, for farming or forestry, for recreational or conservation purposes, etc. Links with land cover are possible; it may be possible to infer land use from land cover and conversely. But situations are often complicated and the link is not so evident. Contrary to land cover, land use is difficult to 'observe'. For example, it is often difficult to decide if grasslands are used or not for agricultural purposes. Distinctions between land use and land cover and their definition have impacts on the development of classification systems, data collection and information systems in general. (UNEP)
Land cover is distinct from land use despite the two terms often being used interchangeably. Land use is a description of how people utilize the land and socio-economic activity - urban and agricultural land uses are two of the most commonly recognised high-level classes of use. At any one point or place, there may be multiple and alternate land uses, the specification of which may have a political dimension.
Land management
Land management can be defined as the process of managing the use and development (in both urban and suburban settings) of land resources in a sustainable way. Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which interact and may compete with one another; therefore, it is desirable to plan and manage all uses in an integrated manner.
Land administration
The concepts of land administration are the reflection of views on land properties. In China, scholars hold ideas that land administration is the process of organization, coordination, supervision and management on land resources, land use, land property rights and land profit with political instruments for sake of whole society.
Other studies on land administration, cadastral [kə'dæstrəl] titles and land market, urban land administration, and land sustainable conservation, altogether make these factors-land resources management, land assets supervision and land political governance for sustainability constitute foundation of land administration.
Difference
There are many factors according to which administration can be distinguished from management. From the nature of work, administration is concerned about the determination of objectives and major policies of an organization; management puts into action the policies and plans laid down by the administration. From the nature of status, administration consists of owners who invest capital in and receive profits from an enterprise; management is a group of managerial personnel who use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the objectives of an enterprise. From Main functions, administration involves in planning and organizing functions; management involves in motivating and controlling functions.
Land use planning
Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public policy which encompasses [inˈkʌmpəs] various disciplines which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient and ethical /ˈeθɪkəl/ way. Despite confusing nomenclature nəuˈmenklətʃə,术语，命名系统, the essential function of land use planning remains the same whatever term is applied. The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition that: "Land use planning means the scientific, aesthetic [i:sˈθetik], and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There is bound to be conflict over land use. The demands for arable land, grazing, forestry, wildlife, tourism and urban development are greater than the land resources available. In the developing countries, these demands become more pressing every year. The population dependent on the land for food, fuel and employment will double within the next 25 to 50 years. Even where land is still plentiful, many people may have inadequate access to land or to the benefits from its use. In the face of scarcity, the degradation of farmland, forest or water resources may be clear for all to see but individual land users lack the incentive or resources to stop it.
Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options. Its purpose is to select and put into practice those land uses that will best meet the needs of the people while safeguarding resources for the future. The driving force in planning is the need for change, the need for improved management or the need for a quite different pattern of land use dictated by changing circumstances.
All kinds of rural land use are involved: agriculture, pastoralism田园风味, forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. Planning also provides guidance in cases of conflict between rural land use and urban or industrial expansion, by indicating which areas of land are most valuable under rural use.
Vocabulary
Ministry of Land and Resources 国土资源部
Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources 市国土资源管理局
Municipal Bureau of Land Resources
and Housing Management 市国土资源和房屋管理局
Bureau of State Land Supervision 国家土地监察局
land utilization (use) 土地利用
extensive land use 土地粗放利用
intensive land use 土地集约利用
sustainable land use 土地可持续利用
land management 土地技术管理
land administration 土地行政管理
land use planning 土地利用规划
general plan of land-use 土地利用总体规划
land allocation 土地配置
land evaluation/appraisal 土地评价
land policy 土地政策
land economics 土地经济
land market 土地市场
land expropriation/requisition 土地征收/征用
land registration 土地登记
land transaction 土地交易
land banking 土地储备
land supply/demand 土地供应/需求
land grant or transfer 土地出让或转让
land negotiation /agreement 土地协议
land auction 土地拍卖
land public bidding 土地公开招标
land value 土地价值
land rent 地租
land revenue 土地收益
land use fee 土地使用费
land use term 土地使用期
land levelling 土地平整
land development 土地开发
land rehabilitation/reclamation 土地复垦
land consolidation/readjustment 土地整理
land retirement 土壤退化
land subsidence 地面沉降
land pollution 土地污染
slope treatment for erosion control 坡面治理工程
grain to green 退耕还林
land information 土地信息
land use interpretation 土地利用判读
land use survey 土地利用调查
land use monitoring 土地利用监测
land use map 土地利用图
land use mapping 土地利用制图
land use classification 土地利用分类
land use zoning 土地用途分区
land use control 土地用途管制
land use pattern 土地利用模式
land use type 土地利用类型
land use adjustment 土地利用调整
land use capability 土地利用潜力
land potential productivity 土地生产潜力
land suitability 土地适宜性
land efficiency 土地效益
land structure 土地结构
land use intensity 土地利用密度
multiple crop index 复种指数
prime cropland preservation 基本农田保护区
planning approval 规划许可
total dynamic balance of cropland 耕地总量动态平衡
compensation institution of cropland occupation 占用耕地补偿制度
limitation of land use 土地利用限制因素
land reform 土地改革
land use certificate 土地使用证
land tenure 地权
land-ownership 土地所有权
land-use right 土地使用权
state-owned land 国有土地
household-based land contract system 土地家庭承包制
