2016年英语一阅读理解Text1

第一段

France, which pridesitself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

单词&词组

1. preliminary  a. 初步的，预备的

2. ultra-  pref. 极，超过某限度

3. incite  v. 煽动，鼓动

4. excessive  a. 过多的，极度的

5. pride as  自豪于，以……为豪

6. absolute right  绝对权

7. give approval to  批准……

本段翻译

法国一向以全球时尚创新者的名头为傲，如今它已断定其时尚业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权利。上周，法国议会的立法议员初步通过了一部法律，该法律将聘用超瘦模特上T台走秀的行为定为犯罪。法国议会也同意封禁一些减肥网站，这些网站通过宣扬极端的节食来诱使女性追求骨感体型。

第二段

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

单词&词组

1. uplifting  a. （在道德、文化等方面）进行提升的

2. impinge  v. 侵犯，侵害

3. signal  n. 信号，暗号

4. fashion industry  时尚业

5. end up doing  最终处于……，结束，告终

6. impinge on  损害，妨碍，侵犯

7. go beyond  超出，胜过

8. protect... from...  保护……不受……伤害，使……免于……

9. take responsibility for  对……负责

10. tape-measure  皮尺，卷尺

11. individual worth  个人价值

本段翻译

这些措施有许多积极的动机。它们表明美不应该由会外貌的瘦削程度来定义，追求瘦削到头来只会落个健康受损的下场。这些举措只是反追求骨感风的一个开始。禁止雇佣超瘦模特这一禁令的目的不仅仅是保护模特不因减肥而把自己饿死一—有的模特还真是减肥致死的，它还警告时尚业：对于女性该用什么样的社会标尺来判定自己的个人价值这一问题，时尚业给女性，特别是少女，传达了错误的信号，时尚业必须为此承担责任。如果严格执行的话，这些禁令将向女性（以及许多男性）表明：他们不应该让他人成为自己颜值的评判者。

第三段

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

单词&词组

1. enforce  v. 执行，实施

2. arbiter  n. 仲裁者，裁决人

3. hint  v. 暗示，示意

4. intangible  a. 无形的

5. quality  n. 素质，品德，品性

6. character  n. 个性，性格

7. intellect  n. 智力，才智

8. physique  n. 体格，体型

9. severe  a. 严厉的，重的

10. punishment  n. 惩罚，处罚

11. look to  注意，关注（并考虑改进）

12. rather than  而不是

本段翻译

这些禁令或许也隐约暗示了这一点：人们应该看中人品、智力等无形的品质，而不是节食减肥减到“零号身材”或“黄蜂腰体型”。

第四段

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

单词&词组

1. index  n. 指数

2. mass  n. 质量

3. fine  n. 罚金，罚款

4. severe punishment  严厉惩罚

5. regard as  把……认作，把……当作

6. result in  导致，造成

本段翻译

然而，法国的这些措施过度依赖严厉的惩罚来改变时尚业的文化，这种文化依旧把瘦到皮包骨看做是美。根据这部法律，所雇佣模特的体重不达政府定义的身体质量指数标准的，雇佣者将被处以5万美元罚款和6个月监禁。

第五段

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

单词&词组

1. inherent  a. 固有的，内在的

2. adornment  n. 装饰

3. idealize  v. 将……视为理想，将……理想化

4. enforcement  n. 执行，实施

5. focus on  集中（注意力、精力于）

6. rely on  依赖，依靠

7. peer pressure  同侪压力

本段翻译

时尚业也知道本行业存在一个固有的问题：无法将注意力放在模特的衣着打扮和理想体型上而非放在追求瘦上。美国、丹麦和其他一些国家的时尚业正试图为模特和时尚写真照片设置非强制的标准，这些标准的实施更多的是依靠同压力。

第六段

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

单词&词组

1. sanction  n. 制裁，处罚

2. characteristic  n. 特征，特性

3. ethical  a. 道德的，伦理的

4. charter  n. 宪章

5. compliance  n. 服从，遵从，服从

6. in contrast to  与……对比

7. agree on  对……取得一致意见

8. be aware of  意识到，明白，知晓

9. take responsibility for  承担（做）某事的责任

10. in general  总的来说，从总体上看

本段翻译

相比于法国的措施，丹麦时尚业上周同意了关于模特年龄、健康状况和其他特征的规定和处罚措施。这份新修订的《丹麦时尚业操守章程》明确规定：“我们意识到了时尚业对理想体型的影响，特别是对年轻人的影响，我们也愿承担此责任。”该章程的主要施行工具就是禁止违反规定的设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周，该时装周由丹麦时尚研究所主办。但总的来说，该举措依赖“点名批评”的方式来确保新规得到遵守。

第七段

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

单词&词组

1. persuasion  n. 说服

2. address  v. 对付，处理，设法了解并解决

3. misuse  n. 误用

4. elevate  v. 提升

5. ethical persuasion  道德劝说，道德说服

本段翻译

依靠操守上的劝诚而不是法律来矫正女性对理想体型的错误观点或许才是最好的办法。更好的办法就是帮助提升女性心中美的概念，使美的概念不为某一特定行业的世俗标准所禁锢。

五道题

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] New runways would be constructed.

[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.

[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D] The fashion industry would decline.

22. The phrase “impinging on” (Para 2) is closest in meaning to______.

[A] heightening the value of.

[B] indicating the state of.

[C] losing faith in.

[D] doing harm to.

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.

[B] The French measures have already failed.

[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ______.

[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

[B] caring too much about models’ character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors.

[D] setting a high age threshold for models.

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

参考答案

ADBCD

答案解析

本文来源2015年4月5日发表在《美国科学基督教箴言报》上的一篇文章，文章围绕法国时尚和健康的话题展开论述。

21. 【解析】 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

22. 【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他们建议美丽不应该以     身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对……有害”正确。[A]项“增强了……的价值”，[B]项“反映了……的状态”，[C]项“对……失去信心”均不符合句意。

23. 【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准……”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

24. 【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

25. 【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。