2015年英语一阅读理解Text4

第一段

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.

单词&词组搭配

1. unsettling a.令人不安的

2. dearth n.缺乏，缺失

3. integrity n.诚信

4. institutionn.机构 

5. collapse v.瓦解，倒塌，崩溃

6. collective a.共同的，集体的

7. sorting mechanism 分类机制

8. profit n.利润，利益

本段翻译

两年前，鲁伯特·默多克的女儿谈及“我们很多机构中都缺乏正直，让人担忧”。她认为，正直已然瓦解，因为人们普遍接受社会上唯一的“筛选体制”是利润和市场这一观点。但是，“是我们，是人类，是这个世界上的人们，并非是利润，建立了我们想要的社会。”

第二段

　　Driving her point home,she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .

单词&词组搭配

1. drive a/the point home 把问题/观点讲清楚

2. absence n.缺乏，缺席

3. capitalism n.资本主义

4. moral a.道德的

5. wound v.中伤，（使）受伤

6. lose one’s way 误入歧途

7. illegal a.非法的

8. hacking n.窃听事件

本段翻译

为了进一步说明自己的观点，她接着说：“政府、媒体以及商业缺乏目标和道德规范，对资本主义和自由国度来讲这已成为最危险的目标；而这一点越来越明显。”同时她认为，缺乏道德目标也损害着公司，比如《世界新闻报》，它更有可能在前进的道路上迷失方向，就像当初它处理大范围内的非法电话窃听那样。

第三段

　　As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

单词&词组搭配

1. trial n.审讯

2. find v.裁决

3. guilty a.有罪的

4. conspire v.密谋，共谋

5. predecessor n.前任

6. innocent n.无罪的人

7. scale n.规模，范围

8. await v.等候，等待

9. unfold v.逐渐开展，持续未完

本段翻译

窃听一案的结论是《世界新闻报》的前任编辑安迪·库尔森协助他人窃听电话有罪，而他的前任瑞贝卡·布鲁克斯在同一指控上无罪。尽管如此，缺乏正直在更大范围内依然存在。据说记者已窃听多达5500人的手机。这是产业规模上的窃听，格伦·穆尔凯尔也认可这一点。2001年，《世界新闻报》雇佣此人作为电话窃听的关键人物。其他人还等待着审判。这个漫长的故事还有待展开。

第四段

　　In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.

单词&词组搭配

1. dearth n.缺失

2. frame v.体现，展现

3. revelation n.出乎意料的事，被揭露的真相

4. core n.核心

5. defence n.辩护

本段翻译

很多方面，缺乏道德目标不仅仅指的是范围如此之大的电话窃听这一事实，还有审判的职权范围。调查整个案件时，令人震惊的是，瑞贝卡·布鲁克斯对自己编辑室发生的一切知之甚少，她基本不想着去咨询盘问，她也从来不查问这些故事是如何得到的。她能成功为自己辩护的核心是，她一无所知。

第五段

　　In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

单词&词组搭配

1. executive n.高管

2. accountable a.应负责的，有责任的

3. doctrine n.教条，信条

4. efficiency n.效率

5. flexibility n.灵活性

6. shareholder n.股东

7. impact n.影响

8. circulation n.发行，发行量

9. degrade v.降低，减少

10. margin n.边缘

11. fairness n.公平

12. tolerance n.宽容，容忍

13. proportionality n.均衡

14. accountability n.应负的责任

本段翻译

当今世界，高薪的行政长官经营着自己的机构，却不为机构中所发生的一切负责，这似乎已是常态。如此说来我们也不应该过于吃惊。对于某一代人来讲，公认的原则是，社会的筛选体制是利润；有意义的词汇应该是效率、灵活多变、股东价值、利于商业运作、财富增长、销售额、影响力等等，而在报界，则是发行量。被降至边缘的词汇是正义、公平、容忍、均衡和责任感。

第六段

　　The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

单词&词组搭配

1. betray v.背叛，出卖

2. ruin v.毁灭，使毁灭

3. suspicion n.怀疑

4. journalist n.记者

5. instruction n.指示

6. traceable a.可追溯的，可查出的

本段翻译

当今世界，高薪的行政长官经营着自己的机构，却不为机构中所发生的一切负责，这似乎已是常态。如此说来我们也不应该过于吃惊。对于某一代人来讲，公认的原则是，社会的筛选体制是利润；有意义的词汇应该是效率、灵活多变、股东价值、利于商业运作、财富增长、销售额、影响力等等，而在报界，则是发行量。被降至边缘的词汇是正义、公平、容忍、均衡和责任感。编辑《世界新闻报》不是为了提升读者的理解力，不是为了在所写的文章中体现公平，也不是为了暴露人性，而是以毁掉生活为代价追求发行量和影响力。记者是如何得到故事的，布鲁克思也许怀疑，也许不怀疑，但她从来不问任何问题，不给出任何指示——也没有收到可追溯的、可记录的答案。

五道题

36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by _____.

[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.

[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _____.

[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime

[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38. The author believes the Rebekah Brooks’s deference _____.

[A] revealed a cunning personality

[B] centered on trivial issues

[C] was hardly convincing

[D] was part of a conspiracy

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows _____.

[A] generally distorted values

[B] unfair wealth distribution

[C] a marginalized lifestyle

[D] a rigid moral code

40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.

[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.

[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.

[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

参考答案

ABCAC

答案解析

36、【解析】通过题干可以将此题锁定在前两段。第一段指出Elisabeth谈到了“我们很多机构都面临着令人沮丧的正直感的丧失”。接下来第二句指出这种正直感的丧失是因为大家普遍认为社会中唯一的分类机制(sorting mechanism)应该是利益和市场。而从第一段最后一句我们看出，她认为“应该是我们人类自己创造我们想要的社会，而不应该是利益”。可见，Elisabeth很不认可目前的这种分类机制(sorting mechanism)以及所造成的不良后果，这也正是她感到沮丧的原因。故A选项consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前这种分类机制的后果)是真正让她沮丧的原因。

37、【解析】第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson因为参与手机黑客案件被裁定有罪，然而他的前任却被认定是无罪的。通过这一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德沦丧广泛问题依然存在(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)。即仍然存在一些人没有被裁定有罪。接着文章指出了在新闻业中，已经有记者被认定非法侵入用户手机。而还有一些在等待审判(others await trial)，由此可以推出，将会有更多的记者因为涉及手机黑客案件而被裁定有罪。故正确答案为选项B。

38、【解析】根据题干中的“defence”可以回文定位到文章第四段最后一句话。该句指出Ms. Brooks辩护成功的关键在于她对这个事件一无所知(she knew nothing)。而作者在该段第一句话中指出，道德丧失不仅体现在普遍存在的手机黑客这一事实上，更体现在一些审判案件所使用的条款上，其中最震惊的就是对Ms. Brooks的审判。可见，作者对该案的审判持否定态度。因此，认为她的辩护是不可信的。故正确答案为C。

39、【解析】通过题干中的“collective doctrine”可以直接定位到文中第五段第三行。该句指出“collective doctrine”是社会的分类机制应该是利益。接下来可以看出，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的词“efficiency，flexibility，shareholder value，business-friendly，wealth generation…”，而表示公平、正义的词(Justice，fairness，tolerance…)则被置于边缘。可见，这种教义(collective doctrine)只关注利益，而忽略了公平与正义，这显然是一种扭曲的价值观。故A选项正确。

40、【解析】这是一道开放式推理题。作者在最后一段前两句话指出，新闻报道的目的不是为了促进读者的理解，也不是为了追求公平或者违背人类共有的人性，而是通过追求发行量的影响率来破坏人们的生活。即文章从一开始指出的一个问题，为了追求利益而造成了正值感的丧失。从“ruin”一词可以看出，作者对新闻记者的这一行为持否定的态度。并且通过Ms. Brooks女士的行为加以佐证。作者通过正话反说的方式，突出新闻报道过程中正值感的重要性。故正确答案为C，moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(在新闻报道中，道德意识很重要)，其中moral awareness和integrity是同义互换。