第一段
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-reviewprocess, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
单词&词组搭配
peer-review(合成词:同行评审)
irreproducibility [ɪrɪprədjusə'bɪlɪtɪ] n.非再生的,非重现的
add....to....(把...加...)
contribute to(导致,造成)
本段翻译
《科学》杂志的主编XX宣布《科学》杂志在同行评阅之外又增加了一轮数据检查。这项政策有点效仿其他杂志的做法,出于人们对“数据分析中的基本错误导致许多已经出版的研究成果无法再现”的普遍担忧。
第2段
“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal hasappointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscriptwill be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
单词&搭配
editorial [ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl] adj.主编的,编辑的;[僻义] n.评论
board n.板,木板;[僻义]委员会;v.上船/飞机
scrutiny [ˈskruːtəni] v.仔细检查
panel [ˈpænl] n.镶板;[僻义] v.专家小组
statistician [ˌstætɪˈstɪʃn] n.统计学家
have confidence in(对...有信心)
appoint...to...(任命...为)
本段翻译
“读者必须对我们期刊上发表的研究结论有信心,”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。该期刊与美国统计协会合作,已任命七名专家组成一个统计评审编辑委员会(简称 SBORE)。原稿将由该期刊的内部编辑、或其现有评审编委会、或由外部同行评审者做出标记,以接受额外审查。SBORI专家组随后会聘请外来的统计学家来审查这些原稿。
第三段
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creationof the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science ’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”
单词&词组
impelle [ɪmˈpel] v.推送,促使
creation [kriˈeɪʃn] n.创造,创建
motivate [ˈmoʊtɪveɪt] v.诱导,刺激,激发
drive v.驾驶,开车;[僻义] n.驱动力,压力
本段翻译
当被问及是否因为某些特定的论文而促成了这次改变,麦克纳特说:““统计委员会的创建是受对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关切的驱动,也是《科学》为提升其发表研究的可复制性的全面努力的一部分。
第四段
Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, is a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science .”
单词&词组
biostatistician 生物统计学家
primarily [praɪˈmerəli] adv.主要地,根本地
advisory [ədˈvaɪzəri] n.警报;adj.劝告的
foresight [ˈfɔːrsaɪt] n.先见之明
establishment [ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt] n.创立,成立(上一篇刚出现)
novel n.小说;[僻义] adj.新奇的
lasting adj.持续性的
model [ˈmɑːdl] n.模型,样式;v.模仿,效仿
approach [əˈproʊtʃ] v.靠近,接近;v.方法,态度
circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] n.血液循环,流通
本段翻译
哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、 SBORI成员乔瓦尼・帕马强尼说,他期望该委员会“主要发挥某种咨询作用”。他同意加入委员会是因为他“发现SBORI创立背后的远见新颖、独特的,而且很可能会产生一种持久的影响。这种影响将不仅仅会遍及《科学》自己发表的文章,也有望波及一大批可能想效法《科学》此举的出版单位。”
第5段
John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority ofscientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine , the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
单词&词组
methodology [ˌmeθəˈdɑːlədʒi] n.方法论
overdue [ˌoʊvərˈduː] adj.未做的,未付的
biomedical [ˌbaɪoʊˈmedɪkl] adj.生物医学的
for the majority of(对绝大多数...而言)
本段翻译
专攻研究方法论的医师约输・约安尼季斯说,该规定是“最令人欣慰的一步迈进”,它“老早就应该出台”。“大部分期刊在统计审查方面都很薄弱,这种情況有损发表内容的质量。我认为,对于当前大部分科研论文来说,统计审查比专家评审要更为关键,”他说道。不过他也指出,生物医学类期刊,像《内科学年鉴》、《美国医学协会杂志》以及《柳叶刀》等都对统计审查格外重视。
第6段
Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors arealarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who canverify the process”. Vaux says that Science ’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors toidentify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.
单词&词组
Professional [prəˈfeʃənl] adj.职业的,专业的
alarmingly [ə'lɑːmɪŋli] adv.惊人地
literate [ˈlɪtərət] adj.有文化的,精通的
verify [ˈverɪfaɪ] 核实
merit [ˈmerɪt] n.有点,美德
weakness [ˈwiːknəs] adj.缺点,不足
rely on sb.to do(依赖某人做某事)
in the first place(首先)
本段翻译
专业的科学家应当知道如何分析数据但是据细胞生物学家大卫·沃克斯所说,统计错误在已发表的研究中令人震惊地普遍2012年他写道,研究人员应该提高他们的水准,但期到杂志也应该采取更为严格的方针,“让精通统计的评审专家以及能够核实此(研完)过程的编辑参与(审查)”。沃克斯说,《科学》要把一些论文交给统计学家(审查)这一想法“有一定优点,但是一个缺点在于,它首先要依评审编辑委员会来鉴别哪些论文需要仔细评审”
五道题
31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that _______.
[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process
[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks
[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis
[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects
❤A项与文章相反;C项与文段内容矛盾;D项目将数据分析错误偷换成缺乏数据分析,属于偷换概念。
32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to _______.
[A] found
[B] marked
[C] revised
[D] stored
❤词汇题(搜索代入法)
① 返回原文,找出该词汇出现的地方。
② 确定该词汇的词性
③ 从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找),代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
④ 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相,即答案
❤本题还可以根据学习生活中常说的“立一个flag,干嘛嘛”,flag从字面意思就是旗帜,旗子可以用来标记,所以选第二个,没看文章都可以选对的哦。
33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may _______.
[A] pose a threat to all its peers
[B] meet with strong opposition
[C] increase Science ’s circulation
[D] set an example for other journals
❤ A/B选项与文章意思相反;C项属于偷换概念:说的是新举措会提高出版物质量,往好的方向走,没说促进发行。D项根据model一词可推出
34. David Vauxholds that what Science is doing now _______.
[A] adds to researchers’ workload
[B] diminishes the role of reviewers
[C] has room for further improvement
[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future
❤ A项无从得知,只是提高数据精准度;B项:与原文意思相反;D项:片面,只看到weakness,没看到merit,所以C项正确。
35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers
[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect
[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks
[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Scienc
参考答案
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