2014年英语一阅读理解Text2

第一段

  All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places whereclientshave more grounds for complaint than America.

单词&词组搭配

1. generate [ˈdʒenəreɪt]（出现9次）v.创造，引起

2. hostility [hɑːˈstɪləti]（hostile 有敌意的名词形式）敌意，愤怒

3. journalism [ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪzəm] n.新闻业

4. client [ˈklaɪənt]（出现4次）n.委托人，顾客（常见意思）
   

5. ground [ɡraʊnd](出现13次) n.土地，场所；[僻义] n.理由，根据；常用复数（充分的理由）
   

6. have grounds for(有...的理由）

本段翻译

全世界范围内，律师招惹的敌意要比其他任何一个行业（新闻业可能除外）的从业人员都多。但是，几乎没有哪个国家的委托人比美国的委托人更有理由抱怨了。

第二段

During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. [定位点]The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.

单词&搭配

1. inflation [ɪnˈfleɪʃn]（出现13次）n.通货膨胀

2. skyscraper [ˈskaɪskreɪpər]（出现1次）n.摩天大楼

3. tempt [tempt]（出现3次）v.诱惑，怂恿

4. pile [paɪl](出现2次）n.堆叠；v.堆积；+into/out（一窝蜂涌入/离开）

5. nuisance [ˈnuːsns] n.妨害行为

6. filer [ˈfaɪlər] n.诉讼律师

7. tort [tɔːrt] n.侵权行为（特指民事的）

8. profession [prəˈfeʃn]（出现11次）职业；[僻义] n.宣称；[例句]I don't believe her profession of friendship for us（我不相信她声称同我们友好）

9. take up（高频词组）开始从事，占据，继续

10. due to（高频词组）由于，应付

本段翻译

在经济危机之前的几十年里，美国法律服务支出的增长速度是通货膨胀率的两倍。最杰出的律师能赚到摩天大楼那么高的钱，诱使越来越多的学生涌入法学院。但是，大多数法学院毕业生从未进入大律师事务所工作，相反，他们中许多人最后成为了那种妨害案件的诉讼律师，致使民事侵权法律系统变成了价格高昂的噩梦。

第三段

  There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.

单词&词组

1. excessive [ɪkˈsesɪv]（出现8次）adv.过度的，极度的（频繁出现了）

2. path [pæθ]（出现4次）n.小路，途径

3. bar n.酒吧，栏杆；[僻义] n.律师职业

4. fearsomely [ˈfɪrsəmli] adv.可怕地（用词根fear记忆）

5. undergraduate degree（本科学位）
   

本段翻译

有很多原因造成这种情况。其一就是法律教育费用过于昂贵。在美国大多数州，要成为律师只有一条路可走：先在某个不相干的专业读四年的本科，然后再经过美国律师协会认证的200所法学院中选择一所修读三年法学学位，最后还得花费一笔巨款准备律师资格考试。这使得如今普通的法学院毕业生除了本科债务外，还要背负10万美元的巨债。法学院债务意味着他们必须品名努力工作

第四段

Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.

单词&词组

1. sensible [ˈsensəbl] （出现2次）adj.合理的，明智的

2. body（常见词）n.身体，主体；[僻义]n.集团，机构，大量（body of）

3. around（常见词）[僻义] adv.存在着，流通中

4. conservative [kənˈsɜːrvətɪv]（出现8次）adj.保守的；
   

5. implement [ˈɪmplɪmənt] （出现2次）n.工具；v.执行，贯彻

6. stern [stɜːrn]（出现1次）adj.严厉的，严峻的；n.船尾

7. hindrance [ˈhɪndrəns] n.妨碍，阻扰
   

本段翻译

改革这个体制对律师以及委托人都有益。切实可行的建议早已存在很惨一段时间，但各州行政管理机构太过于保守不愿推行。建议之一是，允许学生在法学院学习两年后就参加律师资格考试。如果律师资格考试对一名准律师而言真是一个足够严格的测试的话，那就应该允许奈尔有能力提前参加考试的人提前参加考试。无需额外培训学生便能将其巨债消减三分之一。

第五段

The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictiveguild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.

单词&词组

1. restrictive [rɪˈstrɪktɪv]（restrict的形容词）限制性的，约束的

2. guild-like（合成词）行业协会类似的

3. opponent [əˈpoʊnənt]（出现2次）n.反对者，对手

4. regulator [ˈreɡjuleɪtər] n.管理者

5. isolate [ˈaɪsəleɪt]（出现4次）v.隔绝，孤立

6. ethically [ˈeθɪk(ə)lɪ] adv.合乎道德地

本段翻译

法律服务费用如此之高的另一个原因是该行业类似于行会性质的限制性所有权机构。除了在格罗比亚特区，非律师身份者不可拥有律师事务所的所有股份。这使得费用居高不下且创新缓慢。律师行业内部存在变革呼声，但监管人员中反对变革的人坚持认为，禁止外行涉足法律事务，有助于律师远离挣钱压力，而按照职业道德为委托人服务

第六段

In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.

单词&词组

1. share（常见词）v.分配，分担；n.股份

2. liberalize [ˈlɪbrəlaɪz] v.使自由化，放宽对…的限制
   

本段翻译

事实上，通过鼓励律师事务所使用科技以及聘请职业经理人着力提高律所效率，允许非律师持有律所股份能降低成本、为委托人提供更好的服务。毕竟，其他一些国家，如澳大利亚和英国，已经开始放宽对其律师行业的限制，美国应该效仿。

五道题

26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _____.

[A] the growing demand from clients

[B] the increasing pressure of inflation

[C] the prospect of working in big firms

[D] the attraction of financial rewards

27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?

[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.

[B] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.

[C] Admissions approval from the bar association.

[D] Receiving training by professional associations.

28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from _____.

[A] non-professionals’ sharp criticism

[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance

[C] the rigid bodies governing the profession

[D] the stern exam for would-be lawyers

29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it _____.

[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits

[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares

[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade

[D] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession

30. In this text, the author mainly discusses _____.

[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes

[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America

[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it

[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education

参考答案

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