2009年英语一阅读理解Text2

第一段

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly) wisdom — or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.

单词&词组搭配

1. boost [buːst]（出现5次）n.帮助，增长；v.提高，增强

2. paternal [pəˈtɜːrnl]

3. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm]（出现5次）n.智慧，明智，有意识的想法

4. confirm [kənˈfɜːrm]（出现1次）v.证实，强化，批准，确认
   

5. shell out（付款，还账）
   

本段翻译

再睿智的父亲也未必能认出自己的孩子，但是现在男性能够提升其为人福清的智慧——或者说是能够确认自己就是孩子的父亲。他所需要做的仅仅就是花30美元到邻近药店购买一份父子关系鉴定工具包，再花上120美元就可以得到检测结果。

第二段

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they

first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

单词&词组

1. over-the-counter （合成词）柜台的，场外的

2. purchase [ˈpɜːrtʃəs]（出现5次）v.买；n.购买的产品

3. prescription [prɪˈskrɪpʃn]（出现2次）n.处方治疗方法
   

本段翻译

自去年PTK无需医师处方即可购买以来，其购买者已经超过6万人， Identigene公司首席运营官道格说。直接向公众销售基因检测服务的公司超过24家，价格从几百美元到2500多美元不止。

第三段

Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up foradoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists — and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .

单词&词组

1. kinship [ˈkɪnʃɪp] n.亲属关系

2. biological [ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkl]adj.生理的

3. adoption [əˈdɑːpʃn] n.领养

4. rage [reɪdʒ]（出现6次）n.狂怒，盛怒，时尚，流行；v.动怒

5. passionate [ˈpæʃənət] adj.热诚的，狂热的

6. genealogist [ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒɪst] n.系谱学者

7. geographic [ˌdʒiəˈgræfɪk] adj.地理的
   

本段翻译

基因检测中最受欢迎的的亲自鉴定和亲属鉴定，被领养的孩子可以利用它来找到血亲，家庭可以利用它来追踪到给人领养的孩子。基因检测最近还在极富热情的系谱学家的手中掀起一阵风——也为提供寻根问祖业务的企业提供支持。

第四段

Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.

单词&词组

1. swab [swɑːb] v.蘸取

2. saliva [səˈlaɪvə] n.口水
   

本段翻译

大多数检测都需要用棉签蘸取口中唾液采集细胞，并将唾液送到指定公司进行检测。所有的检测都需要有一位潜在的对照者，进行DNA比对。

第五段

But some observers are skeptical. “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a singlelineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line ormitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

单词&搭配

1. skeptical [ˈskeptɪkl]（出现6次） adj.表示怀疑的

2. precision [prɪˈsɪʒn]（出现3次）n.精确

3. hawk [hɔːk]（出现1次）n.鹰；v.沿街叫卖

4. ancestry [ˈænsestri] n.祖先

5. sociologist [ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒɪst] n.社会学家

6. lineage [ˈlɪniɪdʒ] n.宗系， 家系;，血统

7. chromosome n.染色体

8. inherit [ɪnˈherɪt]（出现2次）v.遗传，继承，接替

9. mitochondrial n.线粒体
   

本段翻译

但是一些观察者对此持怀疑态度；纽约州立大学的社会学家Trey Duster说：“那些声称可以进行血统检测的人所兜售的产品在精准度方面存在一些问题。他注意到每个人都有许多祖先，仅几个世纪前就有数百个。然而大多数血统检测只考虑某个单一系统，或者从父亲身上继承Y染色体，或者是只由母亲遗传的线粒体DNA。这个DNA只揭示了一两个祖先的基因信息，但是，例如，仅仅3代之前，除了曾祖父母，他们还有6个外曾祖父母，或者4代以前，除了曾曾祖父母，他们还有14个外曾曾祖父母。

第六段

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from someregions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outsideevaluation.

单词&搭配

1. commercial [kəˈmɜːrʃl]（出现18次）adj.贸易的，商业的；[僻义]n.电视里的广告

2. lump [lʌmp]（出现2次）n.团，块；[僻义]v.把...归并到一起

3. patent [ˈpætnt ]（常用词）n.专利；v.获得专利的

4. subject [səbˈdʒekt]（常用词）n.学科，话题；v.使遭受 adj.受...支配

5. region [ˈriːdʒən]（出现11次）n.地区，行政区
   

6. evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn]（出现4次）n.评价

7. rely on（依赖）
   

本段翻译

批评家们还争论说商业化基因检测的质量只会和与样本进行对比的参考数据一样。一些公司使用的数据库并非由系统性采集而来的数据所组成，而是将不同研究项目的信息胡乱地混在一起。这意味着某个DNA数据库可能有来自某些地区的大量数据，但缺乏其他地区的数据，因此同一个人检测结果会随着处理研究结果的公司不同而存在差异。此外，公司用来测试血缘关系的电脑程序可能申请了专利，同行之间不能进行相互审查或外界评估。

5道题目

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s _________.

[A] easy availability

[B] flexibility in pricing

[C] successful promotion

[D] popularity with households

27. PTK is used to ________.

[A] locate one’s birth place

[B] promote genetic research

[C] identify parent-child kinship

[D] choose children for adoption

28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to________.

[A] trace distant ancestors

[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines

[C] fully use genetic information

[D] achieve the claimed accuracy

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is ________.

[A] disorganized data collection

[B] overlapping database building

[C] excessive sample comparison

[D] lack of patent evaluation

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be________.

[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing

[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems

[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab

[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing

选项单词

1. flexibility[ˌfleksə'bɪləti] n.弹性

2. accuracy [ˈækjərəsi] n 精准性

3. overlap v.使部分重叠

参考答案

ACDAB