2009年英语一阅读理解Text4

第一段

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are theministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so muchimportance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.

单词&词组搭配

1. intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl]（09T3刚遇到）adj.智力的，有才智的，有文化的；n.知识分子

2. thoroughly [ˈθɜːrəli]（出现1次）adv.彻底地

3. minister [ˈmɪnɪstər]（出现7次）n.部长，牧师；[僻义]v.照料（+ to）

4. philosophy [fəˈlɑːsəfi]（出现8次）哲学

5. pursuit [pərˈsuːt]（出现8次）n.追求，跟踪，事业

6. establish [ɪˈstæblɪʃ]（出现19次）v.建立，使稳固；[僻义]查明，证实

7. preoccupation [priˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn] n.使人全神贯注的事物

8. Puritan [ˈpjʊrɪtən] n.清教徒

9. attach importance to（重视）
   

本段翻译

在新大陆的历史上，被研究的最彻底的学者是17世纪新英格兰的牧师和政治领袖们。根据美国权威哲学史的记载，在美洲殖民地内， 其它地区的人对学术的追求都没有这么狂热。据许多书籍及文章记载，新英格兰的领袖们在美国学术界中确立正在发展以及后来成为主流的清教传统的基本主题和关注点。

第二段

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting toNew World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of importantepisodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

单词&词组

1. theological [ˌθiə'lɑdʒɪk(ə)l] adj.神学的

2. distinctive [dɪˈstɪŋktɪv] adj.独特的

3. carrier [ˈkæriər]（出现2次）n.搬运工，运输工具，承载者，传染病媒介，航空母舰

4. episode [ˈepɪsoʊd]（出现2次）n.插曲，片段
   

5. circumstance [ˈsɜːrkəmstæns]（出现26次）n.环境，形式。

6. civility [səˈvɪləti] n. 礼貌，礼仪

7. virtuosity [ˌvɜːrtʃuˈɑːsəti] n.技艺

8. in the pursuit of （追求）

9. adjust to（调整以适应）

10. in keep with（与...保持一致）

11. take this approach to（用这种方式处理）
    

本段翻译

通过这条途径来了解新英格兰人，通常意味着要首先研究清教徒的神学创新和关于教会的特殊理念——这是我们不可忽略的重要课题。但是为了与我们对南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以将最初的清教徒们视作欧洲文化的传递者，（他们）根据新大陆的情况进行了调整。新英格兰殖民地就像一个舞台，在追求广为人知的理想—礼貌及艺术鉴赏力的过程中上演了了一幕幕重大事件。

第三段

The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyedto Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectualearnestness.

单词&词组

1. impressive [ɪmˈpresɪv]（出现3次）adj.令人印象深刻的，令人赞叹的

2. learned （常见词）adj.有学问的; 知识渊博的

3. Crown [kraʊn]（出现2次）n.王冠（丰田有一款车型就叫这个）；v.为...加冕；[僻义]n》头顶，头部

4. journey [ˈdʒɜːrni]（出现5次）n.旅行，历程；v.行走，游历

5. publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] （出现23次）v.出版，发表，公布

6. reach （常用词）这里翻译为：为...所熟知
   

7. extensively [ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli]（出现3次）adv.广泛地

8. audience [ˈɔːdiəns]（出现13次）n.观众，听众，读者；[僻义]n.会见

9. atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪr]（出现16次）n.大气，空气，气氛

10. earnestness n.热衷
    

本段翻译

马萨诸塞湾最早的定居者包括那些在英格兰接受过良好教育并且具有影响力的英国人。在1629年后的十年间，除了90多位博学的牧师来到马萨诸塞教堂，还有像John Winthrop这样的政治领袖，在旅行至波士顿之前，他是一位受过良好教育的绅士，（拥有）律师和皇室官员（的身份）。这些人大量撰写和出版书籍，读者遍布新、旧大陆，这样一来，给新大陆提供了热衷学术的氛围

第四段

We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositionsto be analyzed, their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.

单词&词组

1. craftsmen [ˈkræftsmɛn] n.工匠

2. dependent [dɪˈpendənt]（出现6次）adj.受...的影响；n.仆人，靠他人生活的人

3. composition [ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn]（出现4次）n.成分，构成，作品

4. superstitious [ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃəs] adj.迷信的

5. sign （出现19次）n.标记，符号招牌，迹象；v.签

6. frustration [frʌˈstreɪʃn] n.挫折

7. fate （出现1次）n.命运

8. sermon [ˈsɜːrmən] n.说教,布道
   

本段翻译

然而，我们不应该忘记，大多数新英格兰人没有受过良好的教育。极少有工匠或农民留下可供分析的文学作品，就更不用说靠他们养活的家人和仆人了；但是很明显，他们的观点并不具有很大的学术性。他们的思想中往往含有传统的迷信成分。一个名叫John Dane的裁缝于17世纪30年代末移民至新大陆，他留下一个记录，解释了他离开英格兰的原因，其内容充满了预兆。性的困惑，经济挫折和宗教期望——所有这些都在某一关键性时刻一齐涌来，他打《圣经》，告诉父亲他读到了以下神奇的语句：从他们中走出来吧，不要沾染不洁之物，我愿成为你的上帝，你就是我的子民。”人们想知道 Dane 在清教教堂仔细聆听圣经说教解释时会作何感想。

第五段

Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as oneclergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”

单词&搭配

1. commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.献身，投入

2. clergyman [ˈklɜːrdʒimən] n.神职人员

3. confront [kənˈfrʌnt]（出现10次）v.面对，处理，遭遇

4. folk [foʊk] adj.民间的，n.小老百姓

5. mock [mɑːk] （出现3次）v.蔑视，嘲笑，假的；n.模拟考试

本段翻译

与此同时，许多移居者并不像 Dane 那样拥有虔诚的宗教信仰，正如一位牧师在海边遇到一些人所了解的那样，他们嘲弄着说他们不是为了宗教而来新大陆的。我们的主要目的是捕鱼。

5道题目

36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England_________.

[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life

[B] intellectual interests were encouraged

[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors

[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay________.

[A] were famous in the New World for their writings

[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs

[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World

[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _____.

[A] influenced by superstitions

[B] troubled with religious beliefs

[C] puzzled by church sermons

[D] frustrated with family earnings

40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England________.

[A] were mostly engaged in political activities

[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect

[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds

[D] left few formal records for later reference

选项单词

1. benefit from（从。。中收益）

2. endeavor （出现5次）n/v 努力

3. libreal （出现8次）adj.开明的，自由的，大方的
   

4. comparatively 相对地

5. be obsessed with（沉迷于）

6. illusory [ɪˈluːsəri]（出现2次） adj.虚幻的

7. motivate v.激励

8. be engaged in（从事）

参考答案

BBDAC