2015年英语二阅读理解Text1

第一段

①A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work.②Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

单词&词组

1. stressed  a. 紧张焦虑的，感到有压力的

2. cortisol  n. 皮质醇

3. marker  n. 标记

4. contrary to  与……相反， 违反

5. be supposed to be  应该是，被认为是

本段翻译

一项新研究表明，与大多数调查相左，人们其实在家比上班压力更大。研究者分别对人们在工作和家里时的皮质醇(精神压力的一种标志)进行了检测，结果显示，在人们普遍认为是避风港的环境中，皮质醇的含量更高。 

第二段

①“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”, writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.②In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.”③Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents.④This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

单词&词组

1. contradict  v. 与……矛盾，反驳，否定

2. hold true for  适用于，对……有效

3. nonparents  n. 无子女者

本段翻译

“与普遍看法更加矛盾的是，我们发现女性和男性一样，上班比在家中压力更小。”研究者之一萨拉·达玛斯克写道。她指出，事实上女性甚至说她们上班时感觉更好。“声称在家中更有幸福感的是男性而非女性。”另一项令人惊讶的结论是，该发现对有无子女者来说都适用，不过对于无子女者来说更甚。这就解释了为什么在外工作的人更加健康。

第三段

①What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.②For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back.③For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office.④And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.⑤With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

单词&词组

1. household  a. 家庭的；日常的

2. kick back  放松下来；回踢，反弹

3. leave the office  收工

4. blurring  n. 模糊

5. home front  家庭后方；（战时）后方

6. lag behind  落后，拖欠

7. make adjustments  作出调整以适应

本段翻译

这项研究对于“人们回家后是否继续工作，这种工作属于家务还是从办公室带回”并未作出考量。对于许多男性来说，工作日结束之时便是放松的时刻。对家中的女性来说，她们却没有“离开办公室”的机会。对在外工作的女性而言，她们常常回家后还要赶着完成家务活儿。由于角色的模糊，以及职业女性在家庭大后方比在职场中更难作出自我调整这一事实，女性在家中压力更大也就不足为奇了。 

第四段

①But it’s not just a gender thing.②At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.③The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

单词&词组

1. draw  v. （从某来源）得到，取，获取

2. life-sustaining  a. 维持生命的

3. bargain  n. 协议，协定

4. put in  投入

5. pretty much  几乎，差不多是

本段翻译

但这不仅仅是性别的问题。工作中，人们更清楚他们应该做什么：干活、赚钱、完成硬性任务从而获得收入。这种协议很纯粹：员工投入数小时体力和脑力劳动，取得维持生计的钱。

第五段

①On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.

②Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.

③There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them.

④Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.

⑤Plus, they’re your family.

⑥You cannot fire your family.

⑦You never really get to go home from home.

单词&词组

1. division  n. 分配

2. clinically  ad. 不偏不倚地

3. methodically  ad. 有条不紊地

4. inadequate  a. 不充分的，不适当的

5. talk into  说服

6. removal  n. 移动，搬动

本段翻译

然而，在家庭大后方，情况没有这么明确。很少有家庭能不偏不倚且有序地安排家务活儿。有许多家务事要做，大部分人却得不到足够的奖励。你的家庭同事——你的家庭对家务劳动没有明确的奖励；他们需要被劝服去做家务，或者如果他们是青少年的话，需要以“切断一切电子设备”为威胁让他们完成家务。而且，他们是家人。你不可能解雇自己的家人。你永远不会真正地从家务劳动中解放出来。

第六段

①So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.

②Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

单词&词组

1. apparently  ad. 显然地；似乎

2. infinite  a. 无限的，无穷的，极多的

3. motivate  v. 使有动机，激发……的积极性

本段翻译

因此人们在家中压力更大不足为奇。不仅仅是由于任务似乎没完没了，还由于激发“同事”的积极性要困难得多。

五道题

21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home ________.

[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

[B] generated more stress than the workplace

[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement

[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A] Working mothers.  

[B] Childless husbands.  

[C] Childless wives.  

[D] Working fathers.

23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ________.

[A] they are both bread winners and housewives

[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

[C] there is often much housework left behind

[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office

24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means ________.

[A] energy       

[B] skills       

[C] earnings  

[D] nutrition

25. The home front differs from the workplace in that ________.

[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment

[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

参考答案

ABBCD

答案解析

21、根据题干关键词定位至第一段①句。该句介绍一项新的研究结论“人们在家比上班压力更大”；但注意本题针对most previous suru eys(大部分以前的调查) ， 根据contrary to most surveys(与大多数先前的研究相反)反向推知以往大多数调查应该认为“在家比上班轻松”，[A]正确。

22、根据题干关键词Damask e和happiest at home定位到第二段③句。该句指出“声称在家比上班更快乐是男性而非女性”，即两性相比，男性自认在家中更开心；而④句又指出“这些研究发现对有无子女者都适用， 但对无子女者更是如此(the findings hold true for both...but more so for non parents) ”， 即有子女和无子女者相比， 无子女者在家中更开心， 综合可知， 无子女的男性在家中最快乐，故[B]正确。

23、根据题干关键词blurring of working women's roles(职业女性角色模糊) 定位到第三段⑤句， 由With the blurring of roles， and the fact that...可知， and之前的内容是对④句“职业女性回家后还要赶着完成家务活”的总括，即，女性兼具双重身份，既要工作养家，又要承担家务，故[B]选项正确。

24、第四段②句描述天们在外工作的情形：工作， 赚钱， 完成硬性任务赚取薪水(doing the tasks...in order to draw an income) ， ③句进而评述此工作性质很纯粹， 冒号后继续解释其纯粹在于投入体力或脑力劳动换取维持生活的moola， 两部分内容完全对应， 推知moola接近②句income(薪水) 之意， [C]正确。

25、根据题干关键词The homefront differs from the workplace可定位至第五段， 该段首句On the homefront， however...引出“人们在家庭大后方的情况”， 即“情况没有那么清晰(have no such clarity) ”， however暗示本段内容与上段At work引出的“人们在工作场所的情况”正相反， 因此such clarity便是该题的题眼， 也即the homefront与workplace两者的区别。根据上段③句可知， 工作场所中，劳动性质很纯粹：人们清楚自己的工作职责且按劳获酬，而由②句可知，在家中，家务劳动很难有序分配(Rare...so clinically and methodically laid out) ， 且无足够的奖励。总结可知两者区别：家庭劳动没有明确的分工，且没有相应的奖励报酬，[D]符合其中一项，为正确项。