第一段
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up atthe marriage bureaus.
单词&词组
prosperity n. 繁荣,兴旺,昌盛
tend to 往往,易于
by the millions 数以百万计
line up 排队
本段翻译
我们往往将二战结束后的几十年看作一个繁荣与增长的时代,数以百万计的士兵们返回家乡;他们在《退伍军人权利法案》的帮助下去上大学;在婚姻登记处排队登记结婚。
第二段
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwarconfidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
单词&词组
restraint n. 抑制,控制,限制,约束
stylish a. 时髦的,流行的,入时的
when it comes to sth. 在某个方面,说到某事
common sense 常识
live with 忍受,容忍
in combination with 结合
本段翻译
但是说到住宅,那却是一个“少真的可以是多”成为常识和信念的时代。在大萧条和战争时期,美国人学会了节约生活,这种克制连同战后对未来生活的信心,使得小而高效的住宅成为绝对的时髦。
第三段
Economic condition was only astimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.
单词&词组
stimulus n. 刺激物,刺激因素
popularize v. 使受欢迎,普及,使流行
architect n. 建筑师,设计师
exert v. 发挥;运用;使受(影响等)
take up posts 就职
本段翻译
经济状况只是这种高效生活方式的一个刺激因素。“少即是多”这句话实际上是首先由一位名叫路德维希·密斯·凡德罗的德国建筑家推广开来的,像其他与包豪斯建筑学院相关的设计师一样,他在二战之前移民到美国,并曾在美国多个建筑学院任职。这些设计师们来到美国,对美国建筑业的发展施加了巨大的影响,但是其中影响最大的,还是要数密斯。
第四段
Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
单词&词组
signature n. 签名,署名;识别标志,鲜明特征
derive from 由……起源;取自
laminated a. 由薄片叠成的,分层的
symbolize v. 象征,用符号表现
sophisticated a. 复杂的,精致的
signature phrase 口头禅
take for granted 认为……理所当然
mask the fact 掩盖事实
本段翻译
密斯的口头禅意思是,简约的装饰,经过适当的安排,会产生比繁复的装饰更强的冲击力。他认为,优雅并非来自于繁多。和其他的现代建筑师一样,他使用金属、玻璃和复合板,这些我们今天习以为常的材料,在20世纪40年代却是一种对未来的象征。密斯使用的精致的呈现方式,掩盖了他所设计的空间实际上是小而精,而非大而空的事实。
第五段
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors alongthe city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
单词&词组
elegant a. 优美的,漂亮的,简练的,简洁的
equivalent n. 对等物
Gold Coast 黄金海岸
equivalent of 对应物
abstract art 抽象艺术
本段翻译
例如,密斯建在芝加哥湖滨大道上那些优雅塔楼中的公寓,跟它们坐落在芝加哥黄金海岸上的年代更久远的邻居相比,面积更小,只有两个卧室,面积不到1000平方英尺。但是它们很受欢迎,因为这些公寓有着通透的玻璃墙,可以观看优美风景,建筑细节优雅,比例和谐,这些都是当时风靡的抽象艺术在建筑上的对应物。
第六段
The trend toward "less"was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreadingtwo-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
单词&词组
foreign a. 外国的,外来的
modest a. 适度的,适中的,端庄的
本段翻译
“简约”浪潮并不完全是舶来品。20世纪30年代,弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特开始建造不太大的、更为简洁的住宅,这些住宅通常面积在1200平方英尺,而不像他自己在19世纪90年代的和20世纪初设计的面积铺张的二层住宅。
第七段
The "Case Study Houses"commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecturemagazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the"less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his CaseStudy House, Ralph everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothesdryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
单词&词组
commission v. 委任,授予
aesthetic a. 美学的,审美的
forthright a. 直率的,明确的
acquire v. 获得,取得
desirable a. 令人满意的,可取的
inevitable a. 不可避免的;必然发生的
mechanical a. 机械的,机械驱动的(35.A)
本段翻译
由加州《艺术与建筑》杂志委托有才华的现代建筑师,于1945到1962年间建造的“案例研究住宅”,更是另一股在美国本土成长起来的,对“少即是多”浪潮产生影响的力量。审美效果来自于自然风光、新的材料,以及直观明了的细节设计。在罗夫·雷普森的案例研究住宅中,他可能错误预测了机械革命对日常生活可能产生的影响——尽管大多数美国家庭最终都拥有了干衣机,但很少有能拥有直升机的——但他认为自给自足既是可取的,也是必然的,这一信念却得到了广泛传播。
五道题
31. The postwar American housing stylelargely reflected the Americans' .
[A]prosperity and growth
[B]efficiency and practicality
[C]restraint and confidence
[D]pride and faithfulness
32. Which of the following can be inferredfrom Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies vander Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept wasaffected by World War II.
[C]Most American architects used tobe associated with it.
[D]It had a great influence uponAmerican architecture.
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .
[A]was related to large space
[B]was identified with emptiness
[C]was not reliant on abundantdecoration
[D]was not associated withefficiency
34. What is true about the apartments Miesbuilding Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and proportions.
[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.
[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.
[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
35. What can we learn about the design ofthe "Case Study House"?
[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration
[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.
参考答案
CDCDB
答案翻译
31.战后的美国住宅风格很大程度上反映了美国人的______
[A]繁荣和增长
[B]高效和实用
[C]克制和自信
[D]自豪与忠诚
32.从第三段中我们可以推出关于包豪斯的哪些信息?
[A]它是由路德维希·密斯·凡德罗创建的。
[B]它的设计理念受到了二战的影响
[C]大多数美国建筑师都曾与之有关
[D]它对美国的建筑行业有很大影响
33.密斯认为建筑设计的优雅______
[A]与大的空间息息相关
[B]等同于空荡
[C]与丰富的装饰无关
[D]利和简洁无关
34.关于密斯在芝加哥湖滨大道上建造的公寓,以下哪一项是正确的?
[A]它们忽视了细节和比例。
[B]它们是用当时流行的材料建成的。
[C]跟相邻的建筑物比起来,它们所占空间更大。
[D]它们具备抽象艺术的某些特征。
35.关于“案例研究住宅”的设计,我们可以推知什么?
[A]广泛使用了机械设备。最丽盟
[B]考虑了自然风光。
[C]为整体效果牺牲了细节。
[D]采用了生态友好的材料。
答案解析
31、[定位] 根据题干The postwar American housing style定位至第二段②句。该句中small,efficient housing同①句中less could truly be more共同说明了战后美国住宅精简的风格特点。题干问及这种风格所映射出的美国人的特点, ②句中that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence明确指出美国人特点为克制、有信心。[C]项正确。
32、[定位]根据题目定位至第三段, 该段②句提到的与the Bauhaus相关的人, 与③句中主语These designers为同指, 而正是他们“exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture”因此可以推知, the Bauhaus对美国建筑行业有很大影响。[D] 为正确项。
33、[定位] 根据题干关键词the elegance of architectural deg n定位到第四段, 本段探讨密斯的设计理念,并在第②句明确提出:优雅并非来自于繁多,言外之意为,优雅与丰富的装饰无关。因此[C]正确。
34、[定位] 根据题干关键词the apartments Mies built on Chicago's LakeShore Drive快速定位到第五段,该段介绍了芝加哥湖滨公寓相关细节信息,包括公寓设计使用的材料、大小、设计布局特点、艺术特征等等。末句提到,这些公寓的特点是当时流行的抽象艺术在建筑上的对应物,[D]正确。
35、[定位] 根据题干关键词Case Study Houses定位至第七段, 该段介绍了“案例研究住宅”的设计特点、审美效应来源和设计师的观念。段中②句说明:(“案例研究住宅”的)审美效应来自于自然风光、新型材料和直观明了的细节。也就是说,设计者合理利用了自然风光,产生了该建筑的审美效应,可以推知在设计时考虑到了自然风光。[B]正确。
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