第一段
①Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University.
②For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.
③But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?
④By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board.
⑤The position was just taking up too much time, she said.
单词&词组搭配
board n.董事会,机构
president n.校长,主席
decade n.十年
manage v.处理,管理
attract v.引起,吸引
criticism n.批评,责难
under fire 受到批评,遭到攻击
compensation n.薪酬,补偿
committee n.委员会
enormous a.巨大的,庞大的
bonus n.奖金,红利
bonus payouts 奖⾦⽀出
unremarked a.未被注意的
本段翻译
2000年1月,茹斯·西蒙斯作为外部董事加入高盛集团;时隔一年,她成为布朗大学校长。随后的九年里,她似乎设法做到了在没有招致太多非议的同时处理两个角色。到了2009年底,西蒙斯女士却因在高盛薪酬委员会的任职而遭受抨击;她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出毫无察觉地就通过了呢?到第二年2月,西蒙斯女士已离开董事会。她说,这个职位太占时间了。
第二段
①Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. ②Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. ③If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.
单词&词组搭配
biased a.有偏⻅的,结果偏倚的
weather v.平安渡过(难关),挨过,经受住
outside director 外部董事
本段翻译
外部董事被认为是公司董事会中有益且更公正的顾问。他们已在别处名成利就,因此应拥有足够的独立性来质疑董事长的提案。假若公司面临灭顶之灾,股票价格大跌,外部董事应能基于自身应付危机的经验向公司提出建议。
第三段
①The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. ②Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. ③The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. ④They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. ⑤The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. ⑥The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. ⑦Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. ⑧Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
单词&词组搭配
database n.数据库
proxy n.委托书,代理人
depart v.离开,离去
concentrate on 集中于
disappearance n.小时,不见
probability n.可能性
subsequently ad.随后,接下来地
restate v.重申,再声明
likelihood n.可能性
lawsuit n.诉讼
stock n.股票,证券
correlation n.相互关系
subsequent a.随后的,后来的
suggestive a.暗示的,引起联想的
sinking a.下沉的
stable a.稳定的
本段翻译
来自俄亥俄大学的研究者利用一个数据库(对外部董事)进行了研究,该数据库涵盖从1989年到2004年10000多家公司和64000多名董事的信息。然后他们只是核查了有哪些在同一公司连任的留任董事。离开董事会最有可能的原因是年龄问题,因此研究者集中关注那些年龄在70岁以下“突然”离职的董事。他们发现,(董事)突然离职后,其所在公司随后需要重申盈利的可能性增加了近20%。公司在联邦集体诉讼中被提及的可能性也随之增加,且公司股票也可能表现更糟。公司越大往往受的影响也越大。尽管研究表明“董事离职”与“公司随后糟糕表现”之间具有相关性,但这并不意味着这些董事总是在“跳离沉船”他们通常是在“另谋高就”,离开风险较高的小公司而去往更稳定的大公司。
第四段
①But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.
②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.
③Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
单词&词组搭配
avoid v.避免,避开
reputation n.名声,名誉
wrongdoing n.坏事,不法行为
occur v.发生
incentive n.奖励,激励
本段翻译
但研究者认为,如果外部董事在坏消息爆发前就已离开公司,那么他们会更容易避免声誉受损——即便历史记录显示“错误行为出现时,董事们尚在其职”(依然如此)。那些想要在困难时期留住外部董事的公司可能需要采取激励措施。否则外部董事就会效仿西蒙斯女士,离开董事会,在校园重获欢迎。
五道题
21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for ________.
[A] gaining excessive profits
[B] failing to fulfill her duty
[C] refusing to make compromises
[D] leaving the board in tough times
翻译:
21.根据第一段可知,西蒙斯女士因______而受到指责。
[A]获取超额收益
[B]未能履行其职责
[C]拒绝做出妥协
[D]在困难时期离开董事会
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be ________.
[A] generous investors
[B] unbiased executives
[C] share price forecasters
[D] independent advisers
翻译:
22.我们可从第二段得知,外部董事被认为是______。
[A]慷慨的投资者
[B]无偏倚的主管
[C]股价的预测者
[D]独立的顾问
23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director's surprise departure, the firm is likely to ________.
[A] become more stable
[B] report increased earnings
[C] do less well in the stock market
[D] perform worse in lawsuits
翻译:
23.根据俄亥俄大学研究者的结论,外部董事突然离职后,公司可能______
[A]变得更稳定
[B]报告盈利有所增长
[C]布在股市的表现变差
[D]在诉讼中表现更糟糕
24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors ________.
[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
[C] are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
[D] will decline incentives from the firm
翻译:
24.由末段可推知,外部董事______
[A]可能会因公司提供的诱人条件而留下
[B]在公司通常会有失误记录
[C]习惯公司里毫无压力的工作
[D]会拒绝公司的奖励
25. The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is ________.
[A] permissive
[B] positive
[C] scornful
[D] critical
翻译:
25.作者对外部董事这一角色持______态度。
[A]放任
[B]肯定
[C]蔑视
[D]批评
答案解析
21、翻译译文:[定位]根据题干定位到第一段。该段第三句指出,2009年底,西蒙斯因在高盛薪酬委员会的任职而遭受抨击,(人们质疑)她怎能让那些巨额奖金支出毫无察觉地就溜走了?即:人们认为,西蒙斯在“巨额奖金的不当发放”上负有不可推卸的主要责任,因此对其进行了强烈指责。[B]选项符合文意。
[解密]本题考查考生对文中因果细节的把握。正确项[B]正确概括第一段第三句所述因果关系:fa ling to fulfil her duty对应how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked。
[A] 利用excessive prot s与原文enormous bonus近义形成干扰, 但原文是说“西蒙斯对巨额奖金的错误发放负有责任”, 而非“她本人获取了这些奖金”, gaining用词错误。[C] 无中生有, 文中未提及西蒙斯被要求做出妥协。[D]将“结果”当“原因”:“辞去外部董事之职”是西蒙斯“受到抨击”的结果,而非原因。
22、翻译译文:[定位]由题干定位到第二段。该段首句指出,外部董事应是公司董事会中有益而少偏见的顾问。随后进一步说明:外部董事拥有足够的独立性,可以质疑董事长的提案。综合可知[D]正确。
[解密] 本题考查考生对文中细节信息进行重组概括的能力。正确项[D] 是对helpful, yet less biased, advisers...have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals的概括。
[A] 是对made their wealth and their reputations的曲解, 该内容并非指“大方的投资者”, 而是指“在其他领域功成名就”, 故排除。[B] 将原文less biased advisers和the chief executive糅杂, 将外部董事的角色由“建议者(advisers) ”改为“管理者(executives) ”, 故排除。[C] 利用the share price is falling干扰,但文中意在说明“外部董事应在公司股票下跌时(公司出现危机时)提供有效建议”,而非“他们能够预测股价涨跌”。
23、翻译译文:[定位]根据题干定位到第三段。该段第四、五句指出:外部董事突然离职后,公司被迫重申盈利的可能性增加;牵涉到联邦集体诉讼的可能性也随之增加;公司股票状况可能会变糟。[C]符合文意。
[解密]本题考查考生对第三段第四至六句所阐释“外部董事突然离职所造成影响”的理解。先可根据题干an outside director's surprise departure与原文after a surprise departure的对照关系找到切题点;再发现[C] 是对原文the stock...perform worse的同义改写, 从而锁定答案。
[A]展现的是“正面影响”,与原文第四至六句所显示的外部董事突然离职对公司造成“负面影响”完全相反, 故排除。[B] 利用第四句...restate earnings increases设置干扰, 但原文是指“公司被迫重申盈利的可能性增加”而非“报告盈利增加”,二者实则相反:前者说明“公司出现问题”,后者展示“公司运转良好”。[D] 利用第三段第五句...a federal class-action lawsuit also increases设置干扰, 但原文意在说明“公司卷入联邦集体诉讼的可能性增加”,无法推出“公司会在诉讼案中表现不佳”。
24、翻译译文:[定位]根据题干定位到末段。该段指出,外部董事很可能会为了避免声誉受损而选择离开身处困境的公司,那些想要在困难时期留住外部董事的公司需要采取激励措施。由此可推知,外部董事可能会因公司提供的诱人条件留下,[A]选项正确。
[解密]本题解题关键在于理解末段末两句的言外之意。正确项[A]是对其内容的合理引申。其中attractive offers对应原文incentives。
[B] 利用原文词汇history、wrongdoing设置干扰, 但原文是指“公司危机爆发后, 人们审视其历史的过程中(review of history) 发现, 即便外部董事们在公司犯下错误(wrongdoing) 当时还在董事会任职, 他们依然能避免声名受损”,这和“外部董事在公司的失误记录”无关。[C]无中生有,文中并未提到“外部董事在公司中毫无压力”。[D] 以incentives from the firm概括第四段第二句Firms...create incentives, 因而具有一定干扰性, 但decline一词为对其完全错误的推导, 故排除。
25、翻译译文:[定位]第二段指出,外部董事具有内部董事所无法实现的职能有益却少偏见的建议者,且能在公司陷人危机时以其丰富的经验助公司摆脱困境;第三、四段指出,虽然外部董事的突然离开会给公司带来损失,但也并非不可理解,公司应在陷入困境时以“提升激励措施”的方式将其留住。可见作者总体上对外部董事持肯定态度,[B]选项正确。
[解密] 本题解题关键在于应整体把握作者态度, 正确项[B] positive是对体现作者态度的关键词汇helpful, yet less biased, advisers...have enough independence, create incentives的高度概括。
[A]错在文章整体并非讲述外部董事的缺点和不足,“放任”一说也就无从得出。[C]、[D]来源于第三段末句和第四段首句“有些董事为尽量避免声名受损而选择在危机爆发前离职”所蕴含的一丝“不道义”色彩。但我们需要“整体”看待作者态度,作者整体上还是肯定外部董事的作用,故排除两项。
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