2015年英语二阅读理解Text3

第一段

①Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.② She started spinning off examples.③“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion.④There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”

单词&操作

1. lingua franca  （母语不同的人之间使用的）通用语、交际语

2. right-brained  a. 右脑的，这里引申为“感性的”

3. spin  v. 快速旋转

4. parachute  v. 空降、空投

本段翻译

即使在传统办公室里，“美国企业的通用语也比二十年前更富情感，更多由右脑主导，”哈佛大学商学院教授南希·克恩如是说。她随即列举一系列实例。“如果我们穿越回到1990年的世界五百强企业中，我们会发现像‘旅程’、使命’、‘激情’这样的词汇较少使用。我们会使用目标’、‘策略’、‘目的’这样的词汇，但却不会谈及‘干劲’；也不会谈及‘激情’。” 

第二段

①Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.②“Let’s not forget sports-in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal.③It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together.④There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”

单词&操作

1. era  n. 时代、年代

2. by coincidence  巧合、偶然

3. male-dominated  a. 男性占主导地位的

4. a big deal  非常重要的事

5. explicitly  ad. 清楚地

本段翻译

克恩指出新时代的这种企业词汇具有明显的“团队”导向而这并非偶然。“别忘了体育运动——在男性主导的美国企业中，它依然非同小可。它不是明明白白的有意行为；它是这样一种想法：我是教练，你们是我的队员，我们同舟共济。企业各不相同， CEO许许多多， 但大部分都自认为是教练，企业是自己的团队，他们想赢。”

第三段

①These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning-and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm.②“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.

单词&操作

1. infuse  v. 把……注入；灌输

2. allegiance  n. （对组织、人物、信仰的）忠诚，拥护

3. importation  n. 引进、输入

4. terminology  n. 学科术语；专门用语

5. be associated with  和……有关联

6. non-profit organization  非营利性组织

本段翻译

这些词汇的使用也旨在赋予工作意义——同时，如另一位教授拉凯什·库拉纳指出的那样，提高员工对企业的忠诚度。“我们引入了历史上和非营利性组织及宗教组织相关联的专门用语，如‘愿景’、‘价值观’、‘激情’和‘意志’等，”库拉纳说。

第四段

①This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance.②The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.③Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.④But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

单词&操作

1. personal fulfillment  个人成就、自我实现

2. amid  prep. 在……中间，在……当中

3. prompt  v. 促进、激起

4. buzzword  n. 某一领域内的时髦用语

5. in its own right  凭借自身的能力

6. set boundaries between A and B  在A和B之间设置界限

7. devote yourself to sth.  奉献/投身于某事

本段翻译

在关于“如何平衡工作和生活”的越来越激烈的辩论中，这种新兴的对个人自我实现的关注有助于激励员工。二十世纪九十年代的“妈咪大战”如今仍在继续，激起了关于“为何女性仍然不能兼顾工作与家庭”的争论，还催生了如谢丽尔·桑德伯格的《向前一步》一类的书籍，这一书名本身也因此成为流行语。像“断电”“下线”、“生活黑客”、“带宽”、“能力”这类词汇都和划清工作和家庭的界限有关。但是如果你的工作就是你的“激情”(所在)，即使这意味着你需要回家吃晚饭、然后等孩子入睡后还要继续工作很长时间，你也更愿意投入其中。

第五段

①But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.②As a linguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”③In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.

单词&操作

1. office speak  办公司语言

2. linguist  n. 语言学家

3. nonsense  n. 无稽之谈、胡说、荒谬的想法

4. buy into it  买账、认可

5. figure out  弄清楚

本段翻译

“下线”、“生活黑客”、“带宽”、“能力”这类词汇都和划清工作和家庭的界限有关。但是如果你的工作就是你的“激情”(所在)，即使这意味着你需要回家吃晚饭、然后等孩子入睡后还要继续工作很长时间，你也更愿意投入其中。

五道题

31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become ________.

[A] more emotional       

[B] more objective       

[C] less energetic       

[D] less strategic

32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to ________.

[A] historical incidents     

[B] gender difference    

[C] sports culture       

[D] athletic executives

33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to ________.

[A] revive historical terms

[B] promote company image

[C] foster corporate cooperation

[D] strengthen employee loyalty

34. It can be inferred that Lean In ________.

[A] voices for working women

[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

[C] triggers debates among mommies

[D] praises motivated employees

35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

[A] Managers admire it but avoid it.

[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.

[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.

[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.

参考答案

DADAB

答案解析

31、根据题干信息Nancy Koehn定位至第一段①句。该句指出“相比20年前， 美国企业的通用语变得更加富有情感， 更多使用右脑(即更加感性) ”。若考生不能确定the lingua francaof corporate America的意思， 可从下文③④句中列举的多个词汇推测该词含义“美国企业使用的词汇、语言”。纵观备选项， [D] 复现原文词汇much more emotional， 故正确。

32、根据题干信息“Team”-oriented/corporate vocabulary定位至第二段①句。该句指出“新的企业词汇具有明显的团队导向，这并非偶然”，随后②③④句解释原因“美国企业中男性占主导地位， 受到体育团队文化(CEO是教练， 企业是其团队， 二者共同争取胜利) 很深的影响。由此推出“团队”导向型的企业词汇与美国的体育文化密切相关。[A]正确。

33、根据Khurana/the importation of terminology定位至第三段。该段①句指出“新型企业词汇旨在赋予工作意义，进而增强员工对企业的忠诚度”，之后②句以“很多输入的专门用语”说明。综合可知， 一些专用语的输人旨在增强员工对企业的忠诚度。[D] 正确。nol

34、根据题干信息Lean In定位至第四段②句。该句指出“‘妈咪大战'激起了关于为何女性仍然不能兼顾工作与家庭的争论，并使得《向前一步》这类书籍出版畅销”，由此推知，《向前一步》这本书讨论了职场女性如何才能兼顾工作和家庭，道出了很多职场女性的困扰，为职场女性发声。[A]正确。

35、根据题干信息office speak定位至最后一段①句。该句指出“大家都取笑它， 但是经理们却喜欢它， 企业依赖于它， 普通人欣然接受它”。本题解题难点在于理解原文中的regular people属于Everyone的一部分， 他们对办公室语言的态度是既取笑它但同时又接受它。[B] 选项正确。