2018年英语二阅读理解Text4

第一段

①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.

单词&词组

1. combat  v. 防止，减轻

2. distracted  a. 心烦意乱的，思想不集中的

本段翻译

为避免陷入“高度重视忙碌”的陷阱，卡尔·纽坡特，《深度工作：在一个让人分心的世界，集中精力取得成功的法则》一书作者，建议打造“深度工作”的习惯——集中注意力、不分心的能力。

第二段

①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

单词&词组

1. retreat  n. 静修期间（或活动）

2. be dedicated to sth.  献身于，专注于

3. ritual  n. 程序，仪规；习惯

4. journalistic  a. 新闻工作（者）的

5. throughout the day  终日，整天

6. stick to  坚持，忠于

本段翻译

掌握深度工作艺术的方法有很多或是长久隐退、专注于某一特定工作；或是形成一种日常惯例；或是采取“新闻工作者”的方法，抓住一天中能抓住的深度工作时刻。无论哪种方式，关键都是：确定你的专注时长并坚持下去。

第三段

①Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.

单词&词组

1. interruption  n. 打扰，打岔

2. roughly  ad. 大约，差不多

本段翻译

纽坡特还建议“深度规划”以对抗持续干扰并在更短的时间内完成更多的工作。“在任何特定时刻，我都会为接下来的大约一个月制定深度工作计划。一旦落于日程表，我就会一如守护就诊预约或重要会议安排一样守护这一时间安排”，他写道。

第四段

①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

单词&词组

1. prioritise  v. 按重要性排列

2. craft  v. 精心制作

3. to-do list  任务清单，待办事项清单

本段翻译

另一项实现事半功倍之策就是反思“你是怎样安排你的一天的”—特别是，我们是怎样精心制作任务清单的。②提姆·哈福德，《混乱：改变我们生活的无序力量》的作者，提到了20世纪80年代初的一项研究：该研究将本科生分为两组，一些被建议设定每月的目标及学习活动；另一些人被要求逐日地、更详细地计划活动及目标。

第五段

①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

单词&词组

1. well-structured  a. 结构良好的，条理清晰的

2. demotivate  v. 使失去动力，使消极

3. render  v. 使变得；使处于某状态

4. improvisation  n. 即兴表演

5. reap  v. 收获，取得（成果）

本段翻译

虽然研究者假设为，井井有条的每日计划对于任务执行会非常有效，但是他们错了：详尽的每日计划使学生受挫。哈福德提出，无可避免的干扰通常会使每日任务清单失效，而在任务清单中留出临时应变的空间则能收获最佳结果。

第六段

①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”

单词&词组

1. make the most of  充分利用

2. downtime  n. 停工期，休息

本段翻译

若要充分利用自身专注力以及精力，我们还需要“拥抱闲暇时间”，或如纽坡特所说，“偷偷懒”。

第七段

①“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.

单词&词组

1. idleness  n. 懒惰，空闲

2. indulgence  n. 沉溺，放纵

3. vice  n. 恶行，堕落

本段翻译

“闲散不仅仅是一次假期、一种放纵或一个恶习；它之于大脑就像维他命D之于身体一样不可或缺……矛盾的是，它对于完成任何工作都不可或缺”，他提出。

第八段

①Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

单词&词组

1. psychiatry  n. 精神病学

本段翻译

斯利尼·皮莱，哈佛医学院的一位精神病学助理教授，认为“闲暇时光”与“生产效率”之间有违直觉的联系可能源于我们大脑的运作方式。当我们的大脑就某项工作在“集中注意力”与“分散注意力”之间切换时，它们往往更高效。

第九段

①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.

单词&词组

1. circuit  n. 电路，回路

本段翻译

“人们没有意识到的是，要完成这些工作，他们需要使用‘专注’和‘分心'两种大脑回路”，皮莱说道。

五道题

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.

[A] keep to your focus time  

[B]list your immediate tasks

[C]make specific daily plans  

[D]seize every minute to work

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.

[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency

[B]daily schedules are indispensable to studying

[C]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

[D]detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected

38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.

[A] a desirable mental state for busy people

[B]a major contributor to physical health

[C]an effective way to save time and energy

[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.

[A] can result in psychological well-being

[B]can bring about greater efficiency

[C]is aimed at better balance in work

[D]is driven by task urgency

40. This text is mainly about _______.

[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life

[B]approaches to getting more done in less time

[C]the key to eliminating distractions

[D]the cause of the lack of focus time

参考答案

ADDBB

答案解析

36、第二段在概述了深度工作的几种方法后指出：无论采取哪种方法， 关键是(the key is to...) 要确定你的专注时间并严格坚守。可知掌握这一技巧的关键是坚守预定的专注时间，[A]正确。

37、根据题干关键词study in the early 1980s、Harford定位到第四、五段。文中首先指出研究方法：将大学生分成两组，一组制定月度计划，一组制定详细的每日计划。随后论述研究发现：详细的每日计划反而使学生失去动力，留出临时应变空间才能实现最佳效果，可见[D]正确。

38、根据题干中Newport、idleness定位至七段Newport观点：闲散是大脑所必需， 对于完成任何工作来说都非常必要。可见[D]正确。

39、根据题干人物Pillay定位至第八、九段。第八段②句指出Pillay观点：当大脑在专注状态和非专注状态之间切换时，往往更有效率，可见[B]正确。

40、本文第一段提出全文话题：拒绝低效忙碌，打造“深度工作”的习惯。第二段说明“深度工作”的多种基本方法及唯一不变的宗旨。第三至九段论述深度工作、提高工作效率的多种具体策略。可见[B] approaches to getting more done in less time体现全文核心话题。